(1) 株井戸とは,内部の地形的相違にもとつく用水の取得と利用,排水をめぐる上下郷の利害の対立,その矛盾の上につくりだされた掘抜井戸の制度である. (2) 紛争の舞台となった大江排水区は,高地域と低湿地域に2分され,面積もほぼ等しく,対立を助長する諸条件を具えていた. (3) 掘抜井戸に対し,上郷は既得権を主張し,下郷は「人作の水は一滴も引請不〓申様仕度候」の如く根本的に相違していた. (4) 1854みためし年に484本の井戸があったが,6ヵ年の「害益見様の期間」を経た後,双方の示談により1860年に井戸をもった村々が出金し,弐間の樋門を新設することで妥協が成立した.井戸の数は1862年-386本, 1875年-806本,1883年-1,421本に増加した. (5) 株井戸の取締りは幕府も県も示談を基軸としたが,明治に入ってからは「条令」に発展した. (6) の近代化は外水対策-内水処理-内面干拓-土地改良の4段階を経て進められたが,株井戸閤題を内水問題の範疇として考察するとき,その意義が大きい.

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本研究は，濃尾平野

地域にみられる屋敷林の形態的特徴および樹種構成を，集落形態から分析する。その結果，濃尾平野

輪中

地域に現在みられる屋敷林の平面形態には，4 種類のタイプがあることがわかる。そのうち3 タイプは，個別の屋敷のための屋敷林ではなく，集落全体を囲い込むように形成された屋敷林であることが明らかになる。また，屋敷林に用いられている植栽はそれぞれの樹種のもつ機能により使い分けて屋敷内に配植されていることがわかる。

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岐阜県安八郡輪之内町をフィールドに、

に関する地域研究資源のデジタルアーカイブ化を目指し、資料収集活動を行った。具体的な活動内容は、関連史跡等の写真撮影とドローンを用いた空撮、に関する私設博物館「片野記念館」の所有する古文書・古地図等の資料のデジタル化である。

研究の分野は、昔から地域研究が盛んな分野であるが、長年に渡って集められた貴重な資料や研究成果が、地域研究の分野でも研究者の高齢化や媒体の進化によって活用しづらい状態にあった。これらの資料のデジタルアーカイブ化を進めることで、地域研究資源の活用の活性化に多いに役立つのではないかと考える。

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In the Waju area where the Kiso Sansen Rivers (Kiso, Nagara and Ibi) run, there have been many floods since ancient days. A lot of knowledge and techniques have been invested in the river improvement projects. In this area, the original landscape and community spirit have been formed under the cultural climate. Therefore, the infrastructure management provides great influence to people in this area. In this paper, it is proved that the structure oftraditional landscape have been constructed as the community spirit to prevent floods in the Waju area And, the transition oflandscape is explained to be affected by infrastructure management and community formation.

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という極めて条件の悪い水利用環境の中にあっても, 先端的な農業をめざす高須の現況を記し, 21世紀を目途として日本農業の基本方向や幾つかの予測と前提とをもとに, 高須の農業に関する短期的, 中期的, 長期的ビジョンを掲げた. とくに, 長期的には大区画水田農業経営形態を思い切った手段により現在とは全く異なるものとすることによって高須のみならず, 日本の農業 (とくに土地利用型農業) が国際的にも強固となる可能性があることを提言した.

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“Waju” is a peculiar form of human occupation prevailing in the marshy lowlands in the Nobi plain. Being entirely enclosed by a set of artificial embankments which were constructed in reinforcing or extending the natural levees of three main rivers Kiso, Nagara and Ibi, a Waju originally comes into being in form of settlement as residential space and of arable lands as productive space. In other words, the combination of settlement with block of arable lands is the fundamental unit of Waju. Its core is the settlement. However, some Wajus have no core village; others have a lot.
Examing its combination in each unit, the author tries to classify Wajus in this district into three types:
(1) “Waju without core”. Only paddy fields are embanked. They are on the westside of the Ibi; few in number.
(2) “Waju with mono-core” has only one village in it. There are more Wajus of this type than those which belong to the former.
(3) “Waju with poly-core” has several cores in one Waju.
This type makes majority of Wajus in the Nobi plain. The distribution of Waju in the Nobi plain: few are found on the east side of the Kiso, many are along the Nagara and the Ibi as well as on the west side of the Kiso. In calculating, it amounted to the maximum of figure just before the 20th year of Meiji (1887), when the repairment of the three rivers were thoroughly performed and their river courses were definitively put into order. Since then, the number of Waju was declining from 133 in that year to 42 at the present time. This shift is brought about from the evacuation of disused banks and combination of several Wajus with each other, in keeping pace with the reinforcement advance of the embankments during these periods. Nevertheless the total area in which Wajus distribute has scarcely fluctuated from early year of the Meiji (1868) to Showa 43 (1968).

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(1) In the lowland of the Kiso, Nagara and Ibi rivers, the people constructed embankments around the villages and arable land for the flood control to protect the villages from the flood. The flood control community is called Waju in Japanese.
(2) People have long dwelled in the Waju region and a part of the dike was already built in the ancient time. But it is only in the early 17th century when the main parts of the Waju embankment were established for the first time. The construction of Waju increased since then.
(3) When a Waju was established, the earth and sand were accumulated in the river bed. As a result, the river bed became so higher that the embankments were frequently broken in the feudal time. To cope with this situation, they raised the ground level of the building land and there built the mizuya in Japanese for an emergency evacuation. They used mizuya as a temporary house and a store-place of flood. Moreover, they raised the ground level with the earth produced by the digging of a moat in a part of the paddy. Through this procedure, the reduction of the rice production was prevented (horita in Japanese).
(4) Since the Meiji era, the extensive river improvements by the government decreased the flood damage. And Waju, which was an unofficial organization in the feudal period, was controlled by a lower branch of the government's river administration.
(5) In the Waju region, wet rice fields changed into dry ones in the Showa era. With increasing urbanization and industrialization, it became difficult to maintain the organization of the flood control. On the other hand, a new type of flood has also appeared.

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株井戸は江戸末期から明治時代にかけて濃尾平野南部の

地域に存在した地下水管理制度である。一般に「株」とは営業上の特権を意味する。よって株井戸とは「特別に採掘を認められた井戸」，裏返せば井戸の掘削規制と解釈できる。明治初期，濃尾平野には約80のがあったが，株井戸は少なくとも福束・高須・下笠・禾森・墨俣に存在したことが指摘されている。しかし全体における広がりについては未解明である。本稿は株井戸の広がりが上記に留まらないことを示したうえで，株井戸発達の背後にある自然条件を明らかにする。

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The main objective of this study announces characteristics of flood control on the Shin River from the viewpoint of flood control history of the Shonai River and comparison of flood diversion channel. The Shin River is the channel which located in the right bank of the Shonai River and flow in the Ise Bay. The results is summarized into 2 points as follows. 1) The Shin River is a special channel which has tributary basin in the type of flood diversion channels like a branch. 2) The flood of tributary basin on the Shin River have been controlled in ring levee. and river land of tributary river at Edo era. This method for controlling flood of tributary was abandoned after Meiji, in addition, the discharge of flood on the Shonai River into the Shin River have been continued.

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1. A shallow bashin-like topography (“ Waju-chikei”): The three rivers, that is, the Kiso, the Nagara and the Ibi run reticulately at their lower courses. The residents around those rivers have constructed the embankments in a circular form, talking advantage of natural levees. As at the center of each protected low land is a back marsh, it makes a shallow basin-like topography. The writer gives a name to this unique topography “Waju-chikei” (encircled topography). Its soil is a fine one. As the rivers deposit their silts in the restricted foreland, so the level of a latex closed land is higher than that of a formerly closed one.
2. Sequence of its land utilization: Every paddy-field in the back marsh had once been cultivated, but as the time passed by the level of the encircled topography became so low compared with that of the foreland, that it could not drain water at all. Therefore the residents were obliged to construct a canal for draining, and laid the soil obtained from it upon another paddy-field. It was done about 1840 A. D.. But unfortunately the productivity of the paddy-field could not be recoverd. In the Meiji period, however, the three rivers were separated, and with the in vention of a draining machine, the productivity of the back marsh field came to be fully displayed and the canals were gradually reclaimed. Even at present time its topography still has some effect upon the land utilization of this district.

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例年，単振動の導入は，水平ばね振り子のx-tグラフ，v-tグラフ，a-tグラフ，F-tグラフを予想する課題を行っている。これまではすべてスマートカートによる演示実験を見せていたが，今年はa-tグラフだけはPASCO社のSPARKvue1)というフリーアプリと従来の台車を用いて生徒実験を行ったので，報告したい。

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