Fundamental data of size effect of a high pressure reactor for iron are reduction are important for commercialization of the process.
In this paper, the correlation between kinetic parameters of pulverized iron are reduction with a microreactor (8mm in diameter) and with a fluidized bed reactor (60mm in diameter) is presented. The effect of the reduction temperature, hydrogen pressure, hydrogen flow rate and sample weight on the reduction rate are discussed on the basis of a first order reaction: In1/1-f=k·t, where f is fractional reduction, k rate parameter, and t time.
The results indicated that reduction rate was much more influenced by hydrogen flow rate than by hydrogen pressure. The reduction rate parameters obtained with the fluidized bed reactor were lower than those with the microreactor by a factor of 0.40.6 at the same gas/ore ratio.

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SHS Process has been applied to the production of ceramic and metallic compound materials as powder metallurgy method.
Authors have examined the mechanism of the high speed reaction in Ni-Ti compacts and made a porous shape memory alloy from the compacts under microgravity by use of a drop shaft.
In the results, it was recognized that SHS process showed the effect of rapid heating and cooling in a short duration during microgravity experiment.
In this paper, the author discribes the reviews of the recent studies on the Ti-Ni intermetallic compound through a new processing of appling the SHS reaction and microgravity environment.

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Ti-Fe alloy is one of the most useful materials for hydrogen storage alloy. In order to improve the absorption-desorption for hydrogen, however, it requires homogeneous structure and microscopically large surface. The effect of microgravity which suppresses the convection of constituents in molten alloy, against nucleation and crystal growth in solution has attracted attention. A preliminary investigation for synthesis of homogeneous Ti-Fe alloy has been examined. Furthermore, fundamental research concerning in the properties of hydrogen storing alloy and crystal structure has been performed. On the relation between hydrogen pressure and concentration of stored hydrogen shown in P-C-T (hydrogen pressure-concentration of stored hydrogen-temperature) curve, large hysteresis and rapid absorption-desorption was observed on the Ti-Fe sample produced at 1050°C under normal gravity. But Ti-Fe alloy produced at 1280°C under microgravity, hydrogen charge or discharge pressure decreased and the gradient of the curve become plateau at 0.5-1.0 hydrogen concentration. In case of the sample produced under normal gravity, heterogeneous composition and dense structure was observed, while homogeneous composition and porous structure was obtained easily in the sample produced under microgravity. Furthermore, powdering phenomenon after cycle of absorption-desorption of hydrogen was not occurred around porous structure produced under both normal gravity and microgravity conditions.

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A Ni-Ti compact underwent an exothermic fusion reaction during quick heating in a vacuum pressure. Consequently. the phenomena resulted in the purification of the alloy. The application of this technology will simplify the manufacturing process and facilitate quality control of the product. The authors researched the effect of heating rates. vacuum range and gaseous atmosphere on the exothermic fusion reaction in detail. and arrived at the optimum conditions for the reaction. Moreover. porous semi-fused Ti-Ni alloy was produced by the exothermic reaction, under vacuum conditions in a closed silica tube.
The Ti-Ni alloys obtained by the exothermic reaction showed mechanical properties comparable with a commercial alloy.

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All solid-state high power visible and ultraviolet laser oscillators are expected to use in various industrial applications such as fine material processing, annealing process of amorphous-silicon, and so on. We have developed two types of visible and UV laser oscillators with wave length conversion technique. One is high power type (Nd: YAG) and the other is high repetition rate type (Nd: YVO₄). Maximum THG output power of high power type has reached 125W with 6.4% pumping efficiency at 10kHz, that is the highest power output using the intra cavity THG technique currently known in the world. Maximum single mode THG output power of the high repetition rate type has reached 6W at 50k Hz. The life time of THG crystal is expected over 400 hours at one position of THG crystal and total life time of that is expected over one year.

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Recently published thermophysical data on molten materials from many researchers greatly differ. Accurate data are needed for predicting material production processes by computer simulation.
The thermophysical properties of molten semiconductors were investigated under microgravity conditions. The wettability and electrical resistivity between the solid-liquid surface of silicon or germanium and ceramic plates were examined under normal gravity.
Comparing published data with the experimental results, some discrepancies and validity along with visible results were discovered, and the points of problems are discussed. We report guidlines that can be used to obtain the thermophysical properties of pure materials with a high degree of accuracy.

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To improve the property of Cu-SMA (shape memory alloy) system in a cold district, molten alloy was produced by means of SHS method. It was determined that the shape memory behavior of the Cu-Al-Ni alloy, which was added to other elements in the base of the alloy, showed a different behavior than the base alloy.
The following results were obtained.
(1) A uniform Cu based shape memory alloy was prepared by use of exothermic reaction of Cu-Al-Ni.
(2) By the elemental addition of B or the mixture of B and C to a Cu-Al-Ni-Ti alloys, the reversible curve of shape memory behavior was improved in the lower temperature than 0 °C.
(3) A molten Cu-Al-Ni alloy formed in the uniform structure improved in performance in terms of the fracture strength and the deformed ratio.

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 臨床研究法が2018年4月に施行された. 実施計画書が認定臨床研究審査委員会で客観的に審議されることから, 高品質の臨床研究を実施する気運が醸成され, このことが最終的に臨床研究の活性化に繋がると考えられる. したがって, 製薬業界は本法をきわめて前向きに評価しており, 以下のような期待を持っている. ①本法が臨床研究の質の改善を誘起し, 臨床研究の活性化を引き起こす. ②特定臨床研究の成果を承認申請資料として使用できる. ③臨床研究法や新しい薬事制度が相まってリサーチ・クエスチョンへの解答を提供する. ④新薬の価値やイノベーションが適切な臨床研究により評価される. 臨床研究全体の活性化のため, また本法の目的を最大化するために, 適切な役割分担にもとづき医療機関と企業の効果的な協働が図られるであろう.

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It was reported previously by the present authors that by quick heating in vacuum some gases evolved from the Ni-Ti compact during exothermic fusing reaction. It was also suggested that the gas evolution might take the part of triggering the self-exothermic reaction. Gas evolution of H₂, and deposits of Na, Cl and O were confirmed by gas chromatography and Auger analysis.
The mechanism of the reaction in Ni-Ti compacts was examined by a microscopic analysis on the semireacted specimens and the calculation of the exothermic heat quantity.
The results showed that the exothermic fusing reactions of the Ni-Ti compact occurr in the composition range 48-56 at%Ni through step reactions of each intermetallic compounds, and that the reaction heat of NaCl and Na₂O formation bring about the exothermic fusing reaction.

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Recently, a new technique, SHS process (Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis), has been applied to the production of ceramic and metallic compound materials. The technique is characterized primarily by a large amount of heat of reaction which is produced during the sintering process and also, by a low production cost.
The analogous SHS process accompanied melting by exothermic reaction was observed during a two step heating of the Ni-Ti (50-50 at%) compact under a partial vacuum of 1 x 10^-3 Pa: the exothermic melting reaction of the Ni-Ti compact took place at 820°C, when the temperature was quickly elevated from 600°C in the second heat stage. It was also observed that gases evolved from the compact during the two stage heat treatment.
This report shows that melted Ni-Ti alloys are obtained from 48 to 56 at%Ni in Ti by the processing, and the oxygen and the hydrogen are discharged from the compact with exothermic melting reaction in a short time, and consequently there is little oxygen and hydrogen in the compound with a homogeneous phase.

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The formability of high-density iron sheets, sintered at 850°C for 4 hours in hydrogen, subsequently coldrolled, and annealed in a two-stage process, was examined by using the Erichsen cupping test, the deep drawing test, and r-value measurement. The annealing textures of the iron sheets were also investigated by means of an X-ray pole figure method and magnetic torque curve analysis. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) The formability of high-density sintered iron sheets in this study was similar to that of low carbon iron sheets. (2) The high-density sintered iron sheets which were reduced within the range of 85% to 90% by the secondary cold-rolling before annealing, were mechanically isotropic in the sheet plane. (3) The annealing textures of high-density sintered iron sheets which were mechanically isotropic in the sheet plane, showed that the intensity of (111) [112] and (211) [011] orientations was strong, whereas that of (110) [001] and (110) [110] orientations was weak, and the (100) [011], (100) [012] and (311) [136] orientations appeared slightly in the texture of the sheets.

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