This paper addresses the use of CLT siding usage and its effect on the thermal environment to better understand the possibilities for wooden structures for public buildings, in particular school facilities. Results and findings of this research are as follows:

 1. Measurements of the thermal environment during cold and hot seasons of buildings:

 One building utilizing CLT on the external, southern-exposed wall for thermal enhancement was used for measurements, and another building with the CLT was used for measurements and comparison to understand the inside thermal environment. For the basic experiment during the winter season, it was found that the building with CLT used on the external walls experienced a gradual change in room temperature as opposed to the sudden changes in temperature noted outside. During the summer season, it was noted for the same building that though the room temperature was initially recorded as high, with the use of air conditioning, the room temperature was able to drop to a comfortable level. After the air conditioning system was turned off, the change in the room temperature was gradual. In regards to the other building, the natural temperature of the room as well as the globe temperature were basically the same, and in comparison with the outside temperature, little change in temperature over the course of a day was noted. Furthermore, the humidity in the room throughout the day fluctuated little if any. These findings, when charted, were found to be quite similar to those of the building with external CLT usage.

 Also, the actual measurements and findings from the experiments were found to be similar to those determined by simulations and calculations resulting from the use of the LESCOM-mint computer simulation program.

 2. Comparison of RC and CLT buildings in seven different climatic regions

 We considered medium to large sized wooden structures, in particular public school buildings, for our simulations. As the majority of public schools are RC buildings, we used the RC building model and compared it with a CLT model and considered the heating and cooling load for seven different climatic regions in Japan. We found that the cooling load for both the RC and CLT models were similar throughout all seven regions; however, when considering the heating load for the two types of buildings, we found that the CLT model had a lighter heating load than the RC model. From this comparison, we determined that CLT building model was superior for heating and maintaining the warm environment in the cold season.

 3. Differentiation in CLT thickness in seven different climatic regions

 We calculated the differences in heating and cooling loads for a typical classroom in the seven different regions. In each area except Naha, the change in cooling load due to the difference in CLT thickness is small.

 On the other hand, the heating load is reduced by 16 to 20% for CLT 60 mm with respect to CLT 10mm, and is further reduced for 4 to 6% for CLT60 mm for CLT 90 mm. Even if the thickness is increased by 30 mm after CLT 90 mm, the reduction rate is small.

 When comparing these findings with the RC simulations, it was further noted that if the CLT was 60 mm or more, the heating / cooling load was slight, and even if the CLT’s thickness was increased, a significant change in the load was not noted. CLT was found to be highly more efficient than RC in absorbing heat, thus helping to reduce the heating load while maintaining a comfortable room environment for work or study.

At present in Japan, non-wood type low-rise housing with excellent aseismatic performance and durability is on the increase; especially lightweight steel frame low-rise housing using Autoclaved Lightweight-aerated Concrete (ALC) panels is becoming popular. The objective of this study is to develop a drainage system applicable to such housing and propose a planning/design method thereof.

In this report, the objective has been to evaluate the performance of a horizontal fixture branch system which is installed in a house for receiving water drained from sanitary fixtures in the house, and to obtain knowledge that contributes to planning and designing. A comprehensive evaluation of drainage performance, ventilation performance and carrying performance was carried out on a commonly used “under-beam horizontal fixture branch system” (conventional horizontal fixture branch system) having a large diameter (100A) and a “through-beam horizontal fixture branch system” (proposed system) having a small diameter (75A) and excellent workability, each of which was installed in the house and to which a toilet, a kitchen sink, a washbasin, a bathtub and washing machine were connected and drainage loads were applied. The following knowledge has been obtained as a result:

(1) In the conventional horizontal fixture branch system, even in the case of merged wastewater generated from the five fixtures, the in-pipe pressure remains in a range of 250 Pa to －120 Pa, i.e., within the SHASE-S 218 reference value range of ±400 Pa by providing ventilation by disposing a vent valve (50A) at a position upstream of the horizontal fixture branch.

(2) In (1), when ventilation was provided by adding another vent valve at a position downstream of the horizontal fixture branch, the effect of the upstream ventilation was still greater and there was no significant pressure relaxation. Therefore, placing a vent valve on the upstream side is optimally effective.

(3) In the through-beam horizontal fixture branch system, in the case of merged wastewater generated by the five fixtures, the in-pipe pressure was significant in a range of -550 Pa to 410 Pa, i.e., exceeding the reference value range of ±400 Pa, even with a vent valve disposed at a position upstream of the horizontal fixture branch.

(4) Despite the finding in (3), in the case where drainage loads were applied from 2-3 fixtures, which is more realistic, the fluctuation in pressure was －130 Pa to 200 Pa, i.e., within the reference value range, indicating applicability. Accordingly, it is considered that in order to accommodate the case where drainage water is generated from more than three fixtures, the conventional horizontal fixture branch system with a large diameter will be required.

(5) With regard to the carrying performance of the two systems, using substitute waste, merged wastewater temporarily became stagnant 4,000-5,000 mm from the most upstream side. However, follow-up draining got the flow going down the drainage stack, and into and out of the house drain, indicating no hindrance caused.

This study relates to the development of a disposable underwear crushing drain system that is installable in a nursing or care home, and the study aims to develop a drainage performance evaluation method and collect data conducive to actual designing.

This report describes a drainage performance evaluation of a disposable underwear disposer constituting the system and a fixture drainpipe connected thereto, and examines the evaluation results with reference to six indices: (1) stagnation range [m], (2) residue level, (3) discharge rate [%], (4) fixture discharge characteristics, (5) pipe water level [mm] and (6) leading flow velocity [m/s].