This study has its for object to plan both utilization and stabilization of slopes in mountain districts by means of doing terracing work on the slopes. Firstly, from the view of hydrological point, the definition of an effect of terracing work was given here, secondly forms of the slopes were classified into three types (one with no terracing work, another with horizontal terracing work and the third with inclined terracing work) and their values of the effects of terracing works were calculatad accord ingly to the definition, mechanism of movement of surface water and discharge of earth and the mea-ning on forestry conservancy and flood control were examined. The followings were made clear. The value of effect of terracing work in the slope with horizontal terracing work is nearly 0 %, on the other hand the one of it in the slope with inclined terracing work is nearly 13 % about the surface water. Thus the latter is clearly larger than the former. Furthermore as for a discharge of earth and sand there is a tendency of errosion's being made more equal relatively in the slope with inclined terracing work than in the slope with horizontal terracing work, judging from a cumulative curve of the discharge ratio of earth and sand.

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傾斜砂防造林の目的は山地斜面の水土保全機能を高めようとするものであり,本研究はそのための実験的研究である。ここでは無斜面,水平斜面,傾斜斜面の3種類の模型斜面を用い,おのおのの場合の表流水,浸透水の流出状態について比較検討を行なった。表流水と浸透水の合計流出量(一つの集水路の表流水と浸透水の流出量を合計したもの)については,無斜面ではほぼ各集水路の集水面積によって規定されるが,傾斜斜面では集水面積のみからは規定されない。実験的には,傾斜斜面の場合よりも斜面全体における水の分散はやや均等状態に近い傾向のあることが明らかとなった。斜面凹部の浸透水の流出率については,無斜面が最も多く,傾斜斜面が最も少ないという実験結果が得られた。以上のことから,斜面凹部の水の流出状態の緩和をはかるためには,斜面形状を傾斜斜面とするほうが無斜面よりも有意義であるといえる。

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At the disaster such as earthquake and fire, improving safety of stairs is important on evacuation safety designs of buildings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between dimensions of stairs and ratings of impression with descending stairs. We carried out questionary survey and experiments with actual size model and building. Results are summarized as follows ; 1) For improving safety of stairs(160-180mm rise), we need to precede the dimension of tread. However, as increasing walking speed, we need to decrease the dimension of rise, 2) Dimensions of stairs 160mm-180mm rise and 270mm-300mm tread are estimated proper for descending stairs. If the stairs are narrower than 270mm tread, the dimension of rise needs to be lower, 3) when each stair is constructed various dimension, the impression for stairs decrease. Especially, a difference between the maximum and minimum value is over 23mm rise or 20mm tread, it gave the subjects some bad impression on descending stairs.

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This study compares the physiological work load between two ascending patterns, single-step (SS) and double-step (DS), when climbing a public staircase at the two different climbing rates, controlled speed (105steps/min) and free speed. The SS pattern involved climbing one step at a time, while the DS pattern involved climbing two steps in a single stride. Thirteen female subjects climbed a typical 7-storey building, giving a total of 168 steps and vertical movement of 27.7 m. The results for perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate level, oxygen consumption and muscle EMG activity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) with the DS than SS pattern at a controlled speed. The results also showed that the ascending speed, heart rate, blood lactate level, respiratory quotient (RQ) and RPE were significantly higher (p < 0.05) with the DS than SS pattern at a free speed. These results clearly indicate the higher physical workload involved with the DS than SS pattern at both free and controlled speeds.

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It is important to keep security and safety in house living. There are a lot of researches related to in-house security and safety for the elderly but higher quality of “good usability and utility” is required nowadays. A vertical handrail to be installed inside a residential spiral staircase has been proven effective for younger people through subjective assessment and a three dimensional motion analysis using infrared camera by comparison of a conventional handrail and newly developed handrail. After an examination for position of holding a handrail we decided the sufficient length of a vertical handrail. Based on the concept of Universal Design, the vertical handrail installed inside a spiral staircase, in combination with conventional handrails installed outside, has been clarified as easy in use for aged and younger people.

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This study is aiming to compare stair ascent transportation speed and physical burden of evacuation supporters according to the types of stair ascent transportation for vulnerable people experimentally. In this study, we measured heart rate of the supporters to indicate physical burden during the transportation. The subjects of this experiment were male students, age of 18-24. Experimental conditions were the ways of stair transportation and the weight of vulnerable people. The types of stair transportation were giving a piggyback ride, carrying a handy stretcher and carrying a wheelchair. Each experimental trial was video-recorded for measurement of ascent speed and observing supporters movement. As a result, this research proves that the weight of vulnerable people has an impact on the ascent speed and physical burden of supporter and giving a piggyback ride is the fastest in all ways of stair ascent transportation but the physical burden for a supporter is the heaviest.

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