This paper reviews existing literature that have focused on the Local Plan for Disaster Prevention in terms from public administrative planning. The local disaster management policy has several problems that attribute to the complexity, hierarchical inflexibility, and dualistic context of the plan. Hence some local governments challenges to the current disaster policy scheme, by formulating the strategic plan called ‘Action Program' for earthquake disaster reduction.

This paper focuses on the professionality of schools and teachers regarding crisis management of schools in Japan.

In Japan, the series of serious events such as natural disasters and intrusions by suspicious persons since around 2000 prompted discussions on systematic crisis management of schools in terms of both policy and research. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology（MEXT）has promoted forming a framework for "crisis management in schools" and adopting a comprehensive set of policies. Simultaneously, interdisciplinary research has been accumulating in the academic community, as well as studies examining frameworks and methodologies for crisis management of schools. However, with the global epidemic of COVID-19 as a symbol, there is a growing awareness of the need to rebuild the crisis management framework and the supportive organizational/personnel conditions that are responsive to changes in the nature of the school crisis.

Based on the above concerns, the author examines Japanese policy discussions and research suggestions on the framework of crisis management, and also considers the prospects and challenges on the organizational capacity of schools and the competence and professionality of teachers, based on an overview of the characteristics of modern crises and crisis management of schools. The main findings of this paper are as follows.

1. In the academic community, along with progress in analyzing the characteristics of modern crises（acceleration of change/complexity including potential aspects）, examination of new school organizational management theories related to crisis management has been progressing. Based on the knowledge of High-Reliability Organization theory, etc., a series of studies is suggesting the importance of the organizational capacity of schools with organizational learning at the core. On the other hand, the conventional framework of crisis management in educational administration is also gradually changing to include problem-solving orientation.

2. Clarification of competence contents of faculty and staff regarding crisis management has been progressively promoted, centering on the policies and plans of MEXT. The administrative proposition tends to lean toward the broad and trivial aspects of school safety knowledge and/or skills and risk management awareness（It has weaknesses in the aspects of organizational capacity through organizational problem solving and crisis management）and lacks consistency with the new school organization that is drawing attention in terms of research and policy. Therefore, it can be pointed out that the current proposition of competence is not yet ripe for indicating the professionality of teachers in accordance with the future crisis management.

    本稿は，2020年オリンピック東京大会の会場計画において「ベイゾーン」と位置付けられている東京臨海部について，その開発の経緯を追い，時々に作用した時代の効果を整理しながら考察した．東京臨海部の埋立地は，江戸期以降，河川の浚渫や港の整備，ごみ処分などにより造成され，その後，東京都によるテレポート構想を元にした臨海副都心計画や，国策による都市再開発構想の舞台となった．1980年代に進められたそれらの構想は，バブル経済やその崩壊，都政の変化などから，その内容を変えた．1990年代後半以降には都市再生が国策と位置付けられ，都市改造がIOCの「レガシー」戦略とも合致するようになったことで，東京都のオリンピック招致は進められた．このように東京臨海部は，周辺と摩擦を起こしうるものも含めて様々な名目が動員され開発が進められる，東京の拡大に必要な場所であったと言える．