Zeolites were synthesized by using aluminium sludge as a source of silica and alumina. The synthesis has been carried out for various aging time at 90°C in alkali solution. Characteristics of products were determined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of them were measured.
As a result of experiment, NaA, NaPl, KF and KG type zeolites were obtained by used aluminium sludge, and the type of them depended on reaction condition. Because aluminium sludge included silica less than chemical composition of zeolites, the yield was increased by the addition of sodium silicate to reaction solution as a source of silica. CEC of synthesized NaA type zeolite was approximately equal to that of the article on the market. It was suggested that aluminium sludge was able to recycle as a raw material of zeolites.

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For one month from June to July in 1970, ground geophysical surveys, induced polarization (I.P.) and self-potential (S.P.) methods, were carried out in the area of Mamut Mine by the present writers under the contract with Overseas Mineral Resources Development Co., Ltd.
In general, the I.P. and the S.P. methods can not distinguish economic sulphides, e⋅g., chalcopyrite from pyrite, but the I.P. anomaly can indicates the percentage of the total sulphides. These methods are especially applicable for the area rich in chalcopyrite and pyrite.
These surveys were carried out for determining the volume of the known ore body and prospecting new mineralized zones of the porphyry copper-type deposits at Mamut.
The volume and dip of the ore deposit of the Mamut-2 mine were deduced trom the detailed I.P. data. In addition, adaptability of the S.P. method to the disseminated sulphides deposits with intensely oxidized crust was confirmed. This environment can be expected in a hot and highly humid area with a shallow ground-water level.

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本稿は小売業態論の既存研究において想定されているいくつかの前提を再考し、小売業態論の新たな発展可能性を見出すことを目的としている。既存の小売業態論では小売業態を考察する意義、その中心課題となる事柄、小売業態を規定する小売ミックスや商品取扱い技術といったさまざまなテーマを議論してきており・その研究蓄積も多数存在する。しかしながら、それらの研究においては、わが国における荒川 (1962) 、欧米における McNair (1958) といった小売業態論の嚆矢とも言える研究において想定されてきた「小売業態とは小売商における競争過程を分析するための概念である」という前提がほとんど問われることなく発展してきたように思われる。
本稿では、これまでの小売業態論が小売ミックスや商品取扱い技術による小売業の分類としての小売業態によって小売商の競争過程を眺めようとしてきたのに対して、以下の3つの結論を導いている。それは第1に、小売業態とは一旦規定された後にも、いかようにも変容する可能性をもっているという結論である。この結論は次の結論を導くものである。すなわち第2に、小売商の競争過程の中から生じてきた小売商どうしの「差」こそが小売業態に他ならないという結論である。さらに第3に、この「差」を規定する要素には価格や品揃え、販売方式、営業時間、店舗特性、など多岐にわたるものがあるが、何が小売業態間の「差」を規定できるのかは競争を通して事後的に判断されるという結論である。その上で、このように「差」としての小売業態という概念から、今後議論されるべきテーマとして、特定の小売業態に特化した小売業態分析を挙げている。

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The relationship between geological properties and geophysical properties of the underground structure is very complicated. For example, carbonaceous slates commonly show a low resistivity, whereas limestones usually show a high resistivity but it is noticed that the use of geophysical explorations for geological surveys is not so much adopted.
In this paper, the authors intend to explain a trial study for the relationship between geological surveys and geophysical explorations, mainly electrical explorations, in the case of the Kunitomi Mine, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.
The geological survey map is shown in Fig. 2 and the resistivity exploration map is shown in Fig. 15. In these maps, the weakly altered zone correlates with the low resistivity zone and the dolerite zone correlates with the high resistivity zone.

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Effluent from anaerobic digestor of swine wastewater (EDSW) was treated by a photosynthetic bcterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides S under aerobic-dark condition. Organic matter (COD_cr) and lower fatty acids in the effluent were effectively removed in batch treatment indicating that this organism was suitable for the treatment of EDSW. Continuous treatments of the effluent were performed to elucidate the fundamental growth characteristics of this organism such as the maximum specific growth rate, μm and the growth yield for COD removal, Y. Based on the values of μm (3.05 1/day), Y (0.52 g/g) and other growth characteristics obtained, a new treatment process was proposed. In this process, estimation of the scale of the aeration and sediment vessels for the treatment were carried out based on the waste from 4, 000 pigs house. As the results, the volume of aeration and sediment vessels might be reduced to ca. 1/6 and ca. 1/2, respectively, compared with the conventional activated sludge treatment process.

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Kuroko and kuroko-type deposits are distributed in the Shakotan-Toya district, southwest Hokkaido. The mode of occurrence of kuroko-type deposits is somewhat different from the typical kuroko deposits in the Hokuroku district. For example, the kuroko-type deposits lack any bedded ore-body. K-Ar age determination for hydrothermally altered rocks from the Kunitomi, Yoichi, Meiji, Horobetsu, Akaiwa and Otaru-Matsukura deposits has been carried out in order to compare mineralization ages of the typical kuroko deposits with the kuroko-type deposits from the view point of mineralization age.
Sericite and potash feldspar from the No.3 bedded ore-body in the Kunitomi showed same K-Ar age, 13.02±0.34 Ma and 13.24±0.31 Ma. Sericites from ore-bearing vein in the Yoichi and from a disseminated ore-body in the Meiji showed K-Ar ages of 12.39±0.32 Ma and 12.56±0.31 Ma, respectively. Ore veins within the Horobetsu deposit have ages from 15.41±0.38 Ma to 14.51±0.33 Ma. K-Ar ages obtained from hydrothermal minerals from the Kunitomi, Yoichi, Meiji and Horobetsu deposits are of middle Miocene age. These ages coincide with the typical kuroko deposits of the Hokuroku district (15.6 to 10.7 Ma).
K-Ar ages of 9.78±0.24 Ma and 9.51±0.46 Ma were obtained from a stockwork ore-body in the Akaiwa and a massive barite ore-body of the Otaru-Matsukura deposit. These results would indicate that different mineralization from main stage kuroko mineralization occurred during late Miocene time.

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This article examined the price of Western nails in the prewar period after the middle of the Meiji era. The following points have been clarified.

After the middle of the Meiji era, the price of 2 inch and 1 barrel of Western nails in Tokyo before the war can be found by using “Kinyu jiko sankosho” and “The annual statistical report of the Tokyo chamber of commerce and industry”. The price of Western nails in the prewar period can be seen to have a strong positive correlation with the price of round steel, which is the raw material.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the process that occurred during the period from the beginning of the Meiji era to Meiji 30 whereby customary relations between the employer and employees changed to those more suited to the age of industrialization. The interrelated development of middle and small scale merchants, the Mitsui Bank and the cotton spinning industry will be examined. At the beginning of the Meiji era, the government abolished the customary system of employer-employee relations in an attempt to change over to a modern labor management relations, that is from a traditional system determined by social position to a system based on contracted labor. This alone, however, did not lead to the establishment of more modern management relation. For example, it became extremely difficult for middle and small scal merchants who had formed the "guilds" (kabu-nakama) in the Edo period and who received the greatest shock that came with the abolition of the customary system, to control employees, and so they made a strong cry for the reinstatement of the old system. In reality there were many merchants who violated the government's regulations and continued to operate in the traditional manner. In Meiji 17, a revision was made that allowed only merchants involved in the production of major products to form associations of like industries. This led to the establishment of a number of such associations. As a result, the continuation customary practices was recognized, and employer-employee relations which had been in a turmoil to some extent regained stability. The cotton spinning industries are considered to be modern industries, but they continued to carry out traditional emploper-employee relations of the small-middle scale merchants of the Edo period. The cotton spinners also formed associations through which they were able to control over workers. Along with the advancement of industrialization, it became clear that it would not be possible to stabilize empIoyer-employee relations solely through strengthening controls of employees. At that time, the more stabilized employer-employee relations brought about by the Kanegafuchi Cotton Spinning Company as a result of their "Good Working Conditions Policy" came to attract attention. This policy was modelled after a similar policy directed toward white-collar employees by Nakamigawa Hikojiro of the Mitsui Bank. The policy of the Kanegafuchi Cotton Spinnig Company had a great impact on the cotton spinning industry which was attempting to stabilize employer-employee relations through the strengthening of regulations among companies and the control of workers. And in Meiji 29, a conflict arose between the Kanegafuchi Cotton Spinning Company and other cotton spinning companies. This developed into a major incident which shook the entire industrial world of Japan. This conflict can be seen as a struggle between "The old" and "The new". It might be said that for the cotton spinning industry this was a necessary step in the process of moving away from customary practices to management systems more appropriate to modern types of industry. After this, the more cooperative labor management practices of the "Japanese employment system" came to be used in the management of white-collor employees and blue-collar workers. This led to the period of "Familistic Labor Management".

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