近代工業が発達する以前の八戸における土地利用パターンの形成過程を明らかにし, その要因を考察する。1930年代半ばの時点で, 江戸時代に起源を持つ旧城下八戸, それと隣接する港町の小中野, 湊, 白銀および鮫では, 街道や港を中心に商店街, 商工混合地区と住宅地区が形成され, 細長い連担市街地が出現した。経済的側面では, 19世紀末以後鉄道が開通し, 港の復興と修築が進行するとともに, 1920年代には漁獲量, 魚粕生産量が増大し, セメント生産と鉱石輸送も加わって産業発展の胎動期に入った。後段では漁業, 工業, 駅そして港を取り上げ, それらが八戸の土地利用パターン形成に対して果たした役割を検討する。

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Hachinohe city (pop. 185, 471) is one of the industrial cities in Tohoku, and has remarkably made progress since a cement factory had started in 1919. It has 12, 156 workers engaged in manufacturing and 30 billions yen of industrial out put in 1963. The urban area consists of the following three sections: Hachinohe (in a narrow sense), the commercial section, which was founded as a castle town in 1660; the industrial quarters of Konakano-Numadate-Kawaragi; and the fishing and trade port of Same-Shirogane-Minato.
The process of the industrial development of Hachinohe is classified into the five stages:
1. Germing stage……1937 It keeps the accent on simple processing of marine-products and lumbering.
2. Growing stage 1937……1945
a) Establishment of modern factories (chemical fertilizer, pig-iron and alcohol) 1937……1941
b) Conversion into munitions industry 1941……1945
3. Establishing stage 1945……1956
a) Restration to the pre-war standard (chemical fertilizer, cement and pig-iron 1945……1951
b) Remarkable development of food-stuff industry and iron manufacture (electric refining) 1951……1956
4. Completing stage 1956……1963
a) Development of food-stuff industry and iron-sand industry; and establishment of a thermal electric station and gas-works 1956……1958
b) Setting of integrated system of iron-sand industry (iron refinery-steel mill-rolling mill) 1958……1963
5. Modulating stage 1963……
Depression in iron and steel market; and new project of industrial city planning
On the other hand, on the basis of the distribution pattern of industrial works, Hachinohe is divided into the four areas:
1. Sa-me area Cold-strage, ice-making, lumbering and marine-products processing (canning, fodder and oils and fats)
2. Minato-Bajiri area
3. Konakano-Numadate-Kawaragi area
Iron and steel, machinery, ship construction and chemical industries
4. Hachinohe area (in a narrow sense)
Sake, bread and cakes, soft drinks, fresh milk, lumbering and publishing(ubiquitous industries)
Considering the functional relationship between industries and the vital power of industries, it should be understood that the manufacturing industry distributed in the Konakano-Numadate-Kawaragi area plays the most basic role in the industrial structure and the urban function of Hachinohe. Then, it sould be said that the “Hachinohe-industrial area” started in 1937 and established its framework in 1956, and in the decade it is changing its characters secondarily.

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建設事業は「環境との調和を配慮した事業」が重要視され,生態系に配慮するために天然石を建設資材として利用することが多くなってきている.本研究では,ごみ焼却灰を溶融し,これをゆっくり冷却,結晶化させた人工石について建設資材としての利用の可能性を検討するため,排水路工における玉石の代替材料および人工漁礁材への適用を試みた.その結果,多自然型工法や磯焼けなどに対応できる建設資材として,十分利用可能であると判断された.このことは,廃棄物の有効利用を行うことのみならず,環境の保全に積極的に働きかけること証明するもので,今後の環境保全事業の取組みにおいて大きなヒントを与えた.

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The manufacturing of wooden fish cases for the shipping of marine-products is conditioned by the supply of materials and processed fish. However, in ports of fishing bases, manufacturing of fish cases is not so remarkable as the ship building and fish processing industry.
The author investigated the character of the fish case manufacturing in the following four fishing ports in Tohoku; Hachinohe, Kesennuma, Ishinomaki and Shiogama.
1) Wooden cases are used for more than paper, metal and chemical plastic cases, because the wood is more accessible than other kinds.
2) The fish case manufacture factories are located near the markets of marineproducts or near the landing places of fish.
There are two types in the distribution of factories.
One is a type in which the factories are concentrated around the fish markets such as in Hachinohe, Kesennuma and Ishinomaki. In those fishing ports, most of the fishes landed are so-called fish or lower classes-mackerel and cuttle fish. Fish case factories in those fishing ports moved accompanied with the moves of the fish markets. In the other type, factories are dispersed in fishing ports and there are no relation between fish case factories and fish markets. Such distribution is seen in Shiogama as well as in Yaizu, Shizuoka Prefecture, which has a conspicuous position in the ranking of fishing ports in Japan. Main landing fishes are so-called high class fish like tuna.
3) Average number of employees of the factories is 3-5, and most of them are women as the result of labour shortage and use of machines.
4) Wood as raw material is obtained from areas within 80km from the factories through contacts with timber merchants.

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