6ナイロン繊維に対するアクリル酸エチルの放射線グラフト重合を行った。用いた方法は浸漬照射法,真空中前照射法および空気中前照射法の3種でそれらを比較検討した。前2法ではグラフト量はきわめてわずかにすぎないが,第3法のあらかじめ空気中でγ線を照射したナイロンにモノマーを添加し真空封管添で60℃および100℃に加熱した場合は顕著にグラフト重合が進行し,同時に相当量の単独ポリマーも生成することを認めた。

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1) A new ester-type glycoside, named chiisanoside(1) was isolated from stem bark of Acanthopanax chiisanensis(Araliaceae), a Korean folk medicine. On enzymic hydrolysis, 1 yielded a genuine aglycone named chiisanogenin(2), while mineral acid hydrolysis of 1 gave glucose, rhamnose and a modified aglycone(15). The sturcture of 2 was revealed by means of NMR spectrometry and chemical derivation in comparison with those of A-seco-betulinic acid(6) and its derivatives, and 1 was formulated as α-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-β-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-glucopyranosyl ester of 2 (Chart 1). 2) In part of our studies on the NMR of 2-linked arabinopyranosides, β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)- and α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl esters of 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid(16) and caprylic acid(17) were prepared using tert-butyl as a new protecting group of a terminal anomeric OH. As already observed for platycodins etc., the anomalous NMR signals of the esters of 16 indicated the remarkable increase of contribution of ^1C_4 form of its arabinopyranosyl ring especially for the α-rhamnosyl-α-arabinosyl ester, while the NMR signals of the esters of 17 showed no unexpected displacement, demonstrating little contribution of the ^1C_4 form (Table 4). 3) It was found that LiI and 2,6-lutidine in methanol cleaved selectively an ester-glycoside linkage without any undesirable change of a sugar moiety, affording a methyl oligo-glycoside from an ester type sugar unit in a high yield (Chart 7).

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This paper deals with experimental investigation on a novel fault location method using air-gap flux distributions of a synchronous generator connected to a power system. Air-gap fluxes are the sum of field fluxes and armature reaction fluxes. Changes in armature current and field current at fault contribute directly to the armature reaction fluxes and field fluxes, then resultant air-gap fluxes. Therefore, air-gap fluxes can be utilized to locate fault. Wavelet analysis is applied to induced voltages of search coils which are wound around a stator tooth top for measurement of air-gap flux. It is shown that fault type and location are estimated from the change of search coil voltages measured during fault.

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Specimens of Al–1%Mg₂Si–X%Cu alloys were isothermally heat treated at several temperatures between 573 K and 848 K for enough long periods. The resistivity in equilibrium state was estimated by extrapolation of t^−1/3 plots at 573 K and 623 K, and at other higher temperatures by simply averaging measured values after long enough time. For comparison, the equilibrium resistivity was calculated for the each temperatures of heat treatment under assumptions that 0.02%Ti is always in solution and that Mg₂Si, Cu and Fe would dissolve in Al up to equilibrium concentration in pseudo-binary or binary system. Though interactions between different species of solute atoms, except between Mg and Si, were completely neglected in above simple and rough assumption, the calculated resistivity coincided with experimental values within 0.5 nΩm. This is exactly same as previously observed resistivity fluctuation in present alloys quenched from 848 K, which was interpreted by the microsegregation during solidification. This coincidence suggests that amount of Cu mingling in Mg–Si or Al–Fe precipitates will be very small in the equilibrium state. If Cu bearing precipitates were observed, total amount of Cu in the precipitates will be too small to decrease the resistivity of solid solution. In another report on 473 K aging behavior of present alloys, it was suggested that solute Cu would enhance degree of supersaturation during the aging. However in the equilibrium state, the Cu addition up to 0.72% seems not to elevate so much the temperature of perfect dissolution of 1% Mg₂Si.

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  Influences of 1∼3 mass % Mn and combined additions of 1 mass % Mn and 1∼2 mass % Ni or 1∼2 mass % Cu were investigated on hardenability of cast iron containing 15 mass % Cr and 1.6∼3.6 mass % C by using a dilatometer. Continuous cooling transformation diagrams and critical cooling rates of pearlite and bainite transformations were evaluated for irons destabilized at 1273 K for 6 ks and 360 ks. Ms temperature and the matrix hardness of quenched iron become lower with the increase in Mn, Ni and Cu contents, The higher Cr/C ratio of alloy also increases these values. A multiple regression analysis reveals the dependences of Ms temperature and the critical cooling rates on Cr/C ratio and alloying elements.

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Leaf chemistry traits are some of the key factors influencing tobacco quality, which can be significantly reduced by lower chemical components in cured leaf. To improve tobacco quality through breeding, genetic diversity analysis, population structure analysis, and genome-wide association studies were performed in a panel of 347 tobacco germplasms and the markers associated with five leaf chemistry traits, including total sugar (TS), reducing sugar (RS), total nitrogen (TN), nicotine (NIC), and total potassium (TP) contents were identified. Four groups were classified at a genetic distance of 0.316 by genetic diversity analysis based on coefficient parameter NEI72 using a program NTSYS-pc2.10e, whereas four well-differentiated subpopulations were postulated in the 347 tobacco accessions. A total of 47 target trait-associated SNPs was detected in at least three environments as well as the best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) across all environments, among which two, two, four, six, and one highly suggestive associated SNPs were repeatedly detected in all environments and BLUPs for TS, RS, TN, NIC, and TP, respectively. On the basis of the phenotypic effects of the alleles corresponding to suggestive associated SNPs, five tobacco accessions harboring favorable alleles with elite phenotypic performance in leaf chemistry traits were identified. The results could facilitate quality tobacco breeding for higher leaf chemistry trait contents through molecular marker-assisted approaches.

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For the fitness club industry, It has been a major problem that members' withdrawal rate is so high. Therefor, customer satisfaction research began to draw attention of researchers and practitioners. It is because customer satisfaction research is based on the consensus that the possibility that a satisfied customer starts re-purchase behavior is high. However, the relationship between customer satisfaction and re-purchase behavior has not been necessarily proved empirically. Most researchers only take up the connection between satisfaction and re-purchase "intention", not actual "behavior". The purposes of this study were (1) to examine whether member's satisfaction affect their memberships renewal/withdrawal behavior, by using longitudinal method, and (2) to find means to reduce the members' withdrawal rate by clarifying withdrawal reasons. Two times of investigations were carried out to the members of a fitness club in Nagoya. 635 samples were collected in the first investigation, and 138 samples were collected in the second investigation which carried out to members who had withdrawn one year later. The main results were as follows; 1) Satisfaction of the withdrawal was lower than that of the renewal. Satisfaction of the withdrawal felt down more just before withdrawing. Satisfaction of the withdrawal by problems of managerial condition was lower than that of the withdrawal by other problems. Therefore, it is proved that satisfaction has a great influence to the renewal/withdrawal behavior. 2) People who are young, people whose membership periods were short, and people whose use frequencies of the club were low were contained much in the withdrawal. The satisfaction factors about the effect on exercise and the human relations of the withdrawal were low. It seems that the various conditions which obstruct the club use are the major reasons of withdrawal. Some implications to raise satisfaction were discussed from the results above.

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