In school education, it is important to encourage students to improve their social skills. Umegaki et al. (2016b) have developed an instructional model known as the Acquisition of Social Knowledge in Sport (ASKS) Model for facilitating improvement in social skills in the context of physical education. They consider that the ASKS Model with heterogeneous

organization would improve social skills that would be applicable to daily life outside of physical education classes and help students to maintain these social skills. However, no previous study has examined whether the ASKS Model would be effective for homogeneously organized teams. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the type of organization that would be most effective for the ASKS Model by comparing physical education classes with the ASKS Model based on homogeneous teams and heterogeneous teams. The study focused on physical education classes for male students in the second year of junior high school. The classes included those without the ASKS Model, those with the ASKS Model based on homogeneous teams, and those with the ASKS Model based on heterogeneous teams. A formative evaluation of friendship-building and the KiSS-18 questionnaire on paper were administered before and after each class. The study confirmed two points: First, the ASKS Model appeared to be effective when heterogeneous teams were organized. Second, the effectiveness was suggested to be improved when heterogeneity of motor skill was maintained rather than heterogeneity of social skills.

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We participated in the parabolic flight campaign to do an experiment under microgravity environment. We performed an experiment to visualize resonance profile in air column during Asian Student Parabolic Flight 2013. In this article we report activities related to the project including exhibitions, talks, educational outreach, awards and academic conferences. We devised a simple survey to know what is expected by the public on the influence of gravity on resonance profile, after giving brief explanations about the physical phenomenon in the air column. It is interesting to see that the majority of respondents associated microgravity with the concept of random flotation.

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MEF (Monbusho English Fellows) first began coming to Japan more than 10 years ago. Since then the name has changed from MEF to JET (Japanese Exchange Teaching Program) and the number of AETs (assistant English Teachers) has steadily increased every year. For the first few years of the MEF program, AETs were used primarily to sing English songs, introduce new games, and explain foreign culture. Because the JTEs (Japanese Teachers of English) had no experience working with AETs, there was very little " teaching" done. As JTEs become more comfortable working with AETs, it becomes increasingly important for the JTEs to use the AETs effectively. This requires giving the students a chance to actually communicate with the AET. Obviously, simply placing the AET and the students in the same room together will not in itself lead to effective communication. It is the JTE's responsibility to create the proper enviroment. In my case, I have made use of sentence-combining exercises. Sentence-combining exercises give the students practice thinking and writing in English as well as an opportunity to commuunicate directly with the native speaker. Once the students have completed the sentence-combining stage, I, using the same grammar pattern, give them the opportunity to create and communicate their own ideas. This is called information gap. There are various ways to use the following research. I hope that you can find a way that is effective for your situation.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive utility of self-image congruence in spectator sport consumption. Specifically, the effects of self/ follower image congruence (STFIC) were investigated on various types of behavior by spectator-sport consumers and on loyalty. The theory of self-image congruence posits that consumers make decisions depending on the degree of congruence between their self-image and the perceived stereotypical image of the users of a specific product or brand. Spectators (N=260) at two professional basketball games completed a questionnaire that included STFIC, consumption behavior (i.e., attendance frequency and media consumption) and loyalty. A set of regression analyses suggested that attendance frequency, media consumption (i.e., watching televised games and visiting teams' Websites), and loyalty (i.e., re-attend intention, word-of-mouth intention, and ticket-price resistance) were, significantly, functions of STFIC. Study results implicated the significance of self-image congruence in predicting spectators' varying -relevant consumption behavior and loyalty. For sport managers, the matching of consumers' self-concept and a personality could be critical in enhancing attendance and loyalty.

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Situation Awareness (SA) is a key concept that is widely used to assess performance of human-artifact interaction. In this presentation, we discuss definition of TSA( Situation Awareness) to apply the notion of SA to cooperative works and the underlying mechanism of TSA. Then we propose a new notion of TSA, which is reducible to mutual beliefs as well as individual SA in multi-layered structure. It defines the conditions, which need to be satisfied before intention can be initiated. Finally, we develop the methodological framework of inferring TSA.

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The purpose of this paper is to consider whether healthcare teams (or medical teams) can address autonomous -building. The work of healthcare organizations is being carried out by teams and groups, it is inevitable that healthcare workers, such as doctors, nurses and co-medical personnel, work in a environment. A considerable number of studies have been conducted on healthcare teams in America, Britain, Japan, so on. It was found from these studies that doctors and nurses perceived their -work and -climate differently, and that there was a perception gap of -work between them. Therefore, the focus of discussions has been on collaboration that leads to conflict resolution. In this study, we focused on the stages of development in -building. It is likely that this approach will allow teams to run effectively by themselves, because the stages of -building development are regarded as an informal process by which members attempt to create effective social structures and work processes on their own. The analysis was conducted based on the results of the 3 leader's individual interviews about their management and the questionnaire of all members (3 teams, 28 people) about their perceptions of the existing condition. As a result, 2 teams in 3 teams were functioning effectively from a -building perspective. That is, it was showed that healthcare teams could address autonomous -building. The findings of this study were as follows; (1) in the orientation stage, members and leaders need to understand characteristics and behaviors, (2) healthcare professionals need the task interaction that makes the most of their expertise in the as well as interpersonal interaction, (3) leaders can manage autonomous -building.

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近年、教育や地域活動の現場で、異なる組織や専門性の共創を通して社会に価値を生み出そうという動きがある。多様な専門家がシナジーを高め、共に考え創ることの重要性が議論されている。本研究では、多様な背景を持つチームメンバー同士が「補い合う関係性」を築くことを目的に、個々の能力や考えを相互理解するためのコミュニケーション力を促進するデザイン施策を検討した。「補い合う関係」を築くことが上手な人たちにはどのようなストラテジーがあるのか、現場観察やインタビューを通して考察した結果、５つのステップと20の成功のためのパターンが抽出された。それらステップとパターンを用いて、補い合う関係を築くための行動を身につけるためのコミュニケーション力をトレーニングする、3種類のカードゲームをデザインした。実際の地域活動を行う、多様な背景を持つメンバーで構成されたチームの方々にゲームを実施してもらい、補い合う関係を生み出すトレーニングとなるか検証したところ、チーム形成の初期段階や、教育現場など様々な場で用いることができるという意見があり、補い合う関係性を築く効果が認められた。

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To enjoy working together with machines on things

as proposed by IoT, we need to communicate with machines. What we share with machines is movement. So, we need to communicate with machines nonverbally using movements as we did between humans in ancient times. Currently, machines move as humans instruct. But the environments and situations change from moment to moment in an unpredictable manner, so, machines need to understand proactively what humans would like to do. In today’s soccer, players need to be prepared beforehand for the next possible formation. Proactiveness is most important in today’s soccer. Otherwise, flexible formation cannot be achieved. In the same way, machines must be prepared for the next move. If we introduce Reservoir Computing, we can introduce micro technologies and we can make adjustments on site with very small sensors and computers. So, we can augment human capabilities with these micro sensors and computers and communicate with machines nonverbally. Machines can understand what we want them to do and they move as we want. Thus, we can enjoy working together with machines on the same by feeling the sense of togetherness.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify guidelines for cooperation within an entity known as a “

” that transcend the individual, based on the theory that universal validity criteria and norms that are inherent in them play an important role in victory. For this purpose, procedures were taken to outline values and then formulate guidelines that are universally valid by extracting value criteria and normative principles from the analysis. The study results were as follows. 1) It was suggested that criteria allowing distinction between acceptable and nonacceptable actions performed by the are essential for collaboration among individual athletes, and that conversely, a convergence of various values occurs among athletes. 2) The success or failure of collaborative acts should be based on 2 criteria: “whether or not performance can be improved,” and “whether or not individual athletes can be satisfied.” In addition, it was clarified that teams and individuals acted in a binary manner, allowing the to inspire individual athletes, while at the same time individual athletes inspired the . 3) Finally, it was concluded that victory is supported and ordered by 2 criteria with a normative principle that “personal assets accumulated through standard value judgments of ‘whether or not personal talents are utilized’ do not reside with the individual as a right of nonaggression, but must be used for the as a whole in accordance with its needs.” It is anticipated that the present findings will not only help to solve practical problems in sports, but will also contribute to the debate over athletic capability, which plays an important role in establishing performance.

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