In the Internet, the IXP (Internet Exchange Point) /s tend to be congested since all traffic must go through the IXP's if the ISP (Internet Service Provider) 's belong to the different upper ISP's. In particular, this problem is serious in Japan since we have only a few IXP's. To ease this problem, we focus on the HTTP traffic exchanged among the neighboring ISP's since the web browsing causes major traffic in the Internet. In this paper, we provide a structure of regional HTTP-IXP and its experimental results. Our HTTP-IXP system aims to reduce the traffic with comparatively low cost by exchanging the regional HTTP traffic via HTTP cash server. Our experimental results show that the traffic can be reduced without the degradation of any user QoS (Quality of Service).

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Immunotherapy has been highlighted because we have obtained much evidence, which includes theoretical as well as favorable results from clinical trials. As immunotherapy gives an apparently different cytotoxic mechanism and a little adverse event, the promising results are getting a lot of attention. In this article, cancer immunotherapy for gliomas is reviewed thoroughly from the literature, focusing on the clinical trial results.

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The Neogene sediments in the region bodering Akita, Yamagata and Miyagi Prefectures on the southwestern foot of Kurikoma valcano are classified into following formations; these in ascending order are the Kamuroyama, Torageyama and Sanzugawa formations in the Sanzugawa basin, Akita Prefecture and the, Kanisawa, Torageyama, Akasawa and Miyazawa formations in Onikobe besin, Miyagi Prefecture.
Those two lower formations in each basin are thought to be correspond to the so-called Green tuff developed extensively in the ranges between Akita and Iwate Prefectures to the east of Yokote basin and also between Yamagata and Miyagi Prefectures to the east of Shinjo basin, and consist of a heavy accumulation of green tuff and tuff breccia acconpanied by propyritic lavas.
These formations are unconformably overlain by the remarkable lacustrine deposits of the above-cited upper formations which are fairly well developed in the viscinity of Sanzugawa or Onikobe along the upper streamside of the Takamatsu or Arao River.
The fossil flora from the Sanzugawa and Akasawa formations suggest the Uppermost Miocene in age. And the origin of the Paleo-Sanzugawa and Paleo-Onikobe basins of authors is thought to be related with the Uppermost Miocene lake formed by the crustal deformation in the ranges of Northern Honshu, for which Prof. Hanzawa has initiated the name of Paleo-Sendai Lake (S. Hanzawa, 1950).

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The mudstone of Neogene-tertiary time has strong tendency of being effected by creep.
The in-situ long time loading tests (24 hours) were conducted by a disk jack to compare with the results of the rapid loading tests. The residual deformation of the former is 10 times that of the latter; the modulus of elasticity decreases with the increasing loading stress by 50% in Maximum.
The difference of results in laboratory tests is less than that in in-situ tests. But there is also tendency of decrease in the modulus of elasticity and compression strength.

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Oligosaccharides play a lot of important roles in biological processes and in pathology. While the automated synthesis of peptides and oligonucleotides was established decades ago, there have not been a general method for the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides. Recently the development of a broadly applicable synthetic strategy has been desired in this field. Here we wish to report the two efficient and practical strategies based on a one-pot sequential glycosidation and selective deprotection followed by glycosylation toward the automated synthesis of a oligosaccharide library. In the synthesis of heptasaccharide 3 having elicitor activity in soybean, we achieved a onepot 6-step glycosidation using a combination of different leaving groups, i.e., bromide (-Br), ethylthio group (-SEt), phenylthio group (-SPh), and fluoride (-F), with selective activators, AgOTf, MeOTf, DMTST, and HfCp_2(OTf)_2, respectively and differences of the reactivity of hydroxy groups of glycosyl acceptors. This method was applied to synthesize a library of tetra-, penta-, heptasaccharides using a manual synthesizer. For a study of the structure-activity relationship of elicitor active oligosaccharide in rice cell we demonstrated the synthesis of the oligosaccharide library having β(1→6) linkage at the various positions on β(1→3) tetrasaccharide . Selective deprotection of three protecting groups (AOC, Lev, and Fmoc) of tetrasaccharide 4 was sequentially achieved to afford respective three mono-ols, three diols, and one triol, independently. Glycosylation of all glycosyl acceptors provided the corresponding oligosaccharides, respectively. These procedures were achieved on an automated synthesizer and by parallel column chromatography.

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花輪鉱山明通(あけどおし)鉱床母岩および鉱床付近の地表より下されたボーリングのコアには,ワイラカイトが広く見出される。ワイラカイトは,石英,曹長石,白雲母,エビドート,緑泥石などと共存する。この地域には,ほかに,ローモンタイト,スチルバイトなどの沸石も発達する。ボーリングコアの記載,各鉱物の記載をおこない,ワイラカイトを含む鉱物組合せによるグリーンタフの変質について若干の考察をおこなつた。

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The following equation of rolling motion is treated to study a capsizing condition. θ_a+2K_eθ_a+ω_0^^2f(θa)=(γπH/λ)ω^2 sin ωt where f(θ_a)=θ_a+β_3θ_a^^3+…+β_<2n+1> θ_a^<2n+1>, θa:apparent rolling angle, K_e:damping coefficient, ω_0:natural frequency, γ:coefficient of effective wave sloap, πH/λ:angle of maximum wave sloap, ω:wave frequency, t:time, and :differenciating with respect to t, β:non-linear factors and n:natural number. The swings capsizing from weather side to lee side are taken out. Under some assumptions, the most severe capsizing condition in these swings is approximately obtained as follows, [numerical formula] where [munerical formula] θ_υ:vanishing angle of stability, ν:ω/ω_0, A:(&mid;θ_<awm>&mid;+θ_υ)/2, and θ_<awm>:minimum heel angle in weather side to induce the capsizing. The relation between the ship stability and the capsizing is able to discuss by using critical lines calculated by the above equation. Results of the discussion are examined through numerical simulations and experiments used in three type models without shipping Water.

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The three dimensional structure of protein molecule is essential for the comprehension of numerous life phenomena and the industrial utilization of biological systems. It is important to determine the three dimensional structure of biological macromolecule components by certain techniques, X-ray crystallographic structure analysis, neutron crystallographic structure analysis or NMR. Both X-ray and neutron crystallographic techniques require high-quality crystals, which can provide well defined diffractions for precise structure analysis. Microgravity is expected to give a well condition for protein crystal growth. Physical approach to for the protein crystal growth under the microgravity is strongly believed to be important for the systematic crystal design. Cytochromes c are a class of c-type cytochrome, which have been found in several photosynthetic bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Cytochrome c' from denytrifying bacteria is a positively charged protein containing a heme prothetic group covalently bound to the protein through two thioether linkages as well as cytochrome c. In the space experiment STS-107, cytochrome c' from Achromobacter xylosoxifdans NCIMB 11015 will be used for the crystal growth experiments based on the crystal growth mechanisms.

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The three dimensional structure of protein molecule is essential for understanding numerous cell functions and the industrial utilization of biological systems. It is important to determine the three dimensional structure of biological macromolecule components by certain techniques. Both X-ray and neutron crystallographic techniques require high-quality crystals to obtain precise structural information. Microgravity has so far been expected to give a better condition for protein crystal growth than on the earth. Although physical and chemical approach for the protein crystal growth under the microgravity is strongly believed to be important for the systematic protein crystal design, there are few investigations for the protein crystal growth from the mechanisctic approach of molecular assembly. Cytochromes c' are a class of c-type cytochrome, which have been found in several photosynthetic bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Cytochrome c' from denytrifying bacteria is a positively charged protein containing a heme prothetic group covalently bound to the protein through two thioether linkages as well as cytochrome c. In the space experiment STS-107, cytochrome c' from Achromobacter xylosoxifdans NCIMB 11015 was used for the crystal growth experiments based on the crystal growth mechanisms. In this paper, a preliminary X-ray topograph analyses of the crystal of cytochrome c' are also provided.

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In order to elucidate the role of some amino acid residues in bovine neurophysin II (NP-II) for its binding ability for oxytocin and vasopressin, NP-II has been photooxidized in the presence of rose bengal and oxygen, and the relationships between the loss of hormonesbinding ability of modified protein and the destruction of photosusceptible amino acids were examined. Photooxidation of NP-II causes rapid oxidation of single methionine residue to corresponding sulphoxide followed by a slow destruction of single tyrosine residue. More prolonged irradiation causes also slight decomposition of cystine residues. The hormonesbinding ability of NP-II is almost completely retained even when the methionine residue was completely photooxidized, but is gradually decreased with the progress of the photodegradation of the tyrosine residue. The decrease in binding ability of the photooxidized protein proceeds almost identically for oxytocin and [8-arginine] vasopressin as the ligand. The binding ability is decreased to about 70% of the original when 80% of tyrosine were degraded and to about 30% of the original when the tyrosine was completely photooxidized and about 6% of cystine residues were degraded. The influence of the destruction of tyrosine residue for the loss of hormones-binding ability of protein seemed to be amplified by the subsequent photooxidation of cystine residues since there is no direct correlation between the photodestruction of cystine residues and the decrease in the binding ability. The pH binding profiles of photooxidized NP-II are found to be essentially identical with those of native protein, indicating the non-essential role of phenolic hydroxyl group of tyrosine residue of NP-II in hormones-binding process. O-Acetylation of the tyrosine residue of NP-II with N-acetylimidazole gives no significant effect on the binding ability for oxytocin or [8-arginine] vasopressin. These findings suggest that the single methionine residue of NP-II has no contribution to the binding process, while the single tyrosine residue, particularly its aromatic ring, of NP-II may participate with the binding process of the protein to both oxytocin and vasopressin with similar contribution.

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高性能あるいは高機能性エポキシ樹脂の開発の新しい方向として, 数年前より, エポキシ樹脂あるいはその硬化剤にメソゲン基を導入する事が試みられ始めている。これにより網目鎖の充填密度や配向性の向上が期待されており、硬化物の強靭性の増加や膨張係数の低下, 耐熱性の向上の他, 電気的あるいは光学的異方性を利用した新しい機能材料の開発がすでに報告されている。ここでは, このようなメソゲン基を含有するエポキシ樹脂硬化物の特徴を紹介する。

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Phonocardiography and mechanocardiography are indispensable diagnostic tools in clinical cardiology though several limitations are inherently present. They should not be abandoned even in the era of echocardiography, and they are so rewarding in so many cases that we have to consider properly what we can expect and what we cannot prior to answering to the patient's question, "Now, what else are you going to examine, doctor?"

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We developed two convenient methods for synthesis homogeneous DNA-protein conjugates. The methods are based on native chemical ligation that allows chemoselective joining of two unprotected molecules via a stable amide bond. Reagent 1 and 2 were synthesized for oligonucleotides modification with a cysteine and thioester, respectively. The amino functionalized oligonucleotides in various length and sequence were successfully converted to oligonucleotides carrying a cysteine or thioester group with new reagents. Recombinant green fluorescent protein carrying thioester group at C-terminus were expressed using intein-tag as model protein. Judging from the SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, the oligonucleotide functionalized with 1 were successfully site-speficically ligated with C-terminus of the protein. The oligonucleotide modified with 2 can joined to recombinant protein that carrying cysteine at N-terminus. Our approach to construct homogeneous protein-DNA conjugate would provide a powerful method in the field of nano-bio technology.

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