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  • NOBUYOSHI TAKAHASHI, YUKIHIRO KOIZUMI, TOSHIAKI KAWAGUCHI, KOHICHI TAKAHASHI, TADASHI SUZUKI, TOMIHISA FUNYU
    The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine
    1987年 151 巻 2 号 213-220
    発行日: 1987年
    公開日: 2006/08/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    TAKAHASHI, N., KOIZUMI, Y., KAWAGUCHI, T., TAKAHASHI, K., SUZUKI, T. and FUNYU, T. Production of a Monoclonal Antibody Selective to Human Transitional Cell Carcinoma. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1987, 151(2), 213-220-In order to detect the bladder tumor specific antigens, the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) No. 10 to human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (T.
    C.C.B
    .) was obtained. Hybridomas were prepared by cell fusion between the mouse myeloma cell line × 63 Ag 8.653 and the spleen cells of BALB/c mouse hyperimmune to the bladder cancer cells (grade 2) from a patient, and were cloned. Consequently 12 MoAb-producing clones were obtained for the panel screening by enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) and then 3 MoAbs (No. 10, 11 and 14) were selected for the testing of reactivity to bladder cancer cells from patients including normal epithelia. Finallly No. 10 was selected as the most appropriate MoAb for this study and was determined IgM with kappa-light chains by EIA.
  • 佐藤 千之助, 車田 亮, 岩城 英彦, 小松 靖門
    材料
    1986年 35 巻 397 号 1144-1150
    発行日: 1986/10/15
    公開日: 2009/06/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two kinds of carbon felt reinforced carbon composite of pitch fiber (C/C-A) and of PAN fiber (
    C
    /
    C
    -
    B
    ) have been developed to improve the fracture mechanics properties of regular grade graphite. The tensile properties and the fracture toughness values of these new composites were determined as a function of temperature up to 2400°C. These results were compared with those of a carbon fiber cloth reinforced carbon composite of rayon fiber (C/C-C) and a fine grain isostatic graphite (IG-11), and these distinctive features were discussed.
  • T. Komatsu, Y. Kakudate, S. Fujiwara
    高圧力の科学と技術
    1998年 7 巻 983-985
    発行日: 1998/03/03
    公開日: 2009/08/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    We first synthesized a new carbon hard material, a B-C-N heterodiamond of composition BC2. 5N, using an advanced explosive shock compression technique combining extremely high pressure (∼50 GPa), high temperature (3000-10000°C), rapid reaction (∼μs), and rapid quenching. The heterodiamond is a polycrystalline material stuck with microcrystallites of 10 nm in average size. The constituent atoms are all tetrahedrally coordinated to give C-
    C
    ,
    C
    -
    B
    , C-N, and B-N bonds. The material has the excellent thermal resistance and bulk modulus in comparison with diamond and cubic BN.
  • H. Hua, Y. K. Vohra, J. Akella, S. T. Weir, R. Ahujat, B. Johansson
    高圧力の科学と技術
    1998年 7 巻 233-235
    発行日: 1998/03/03
    公開日: 2009/08/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The high-pressure structural phase transformations in gadolinium (Gd) were studied by energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction up to 118 GPa at room temperature using a synchrotron source. Gadolinium undergoes five transitions: h. c. p→Smtype→double-h. c. p→f. c. c→distorted f.
    c
    .
    c
    b
    . c. m (body-centered monoclinic), with increasing pressures. The last transition to b. c. m occurs at 59±2 GPa, accompanied by a volume collapse of about 5%. We suggest that this low-symmetry structure and volume collapse in gadolinium is analogous to the well-known electronic transition in cerium metal related to loss of magnetic moment and eventual delocalization of f-shell under pressure.
  • 宮崎 憲治, 吉田 久良, 小林 和夫
    炭素
    1985年 1985 巻 120 号 21-27
    発行日: 1985/01/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Carbon-ceramics composites were prepared from C-
    B4C
    ,
    C
    -
    B4C
    -NbC, C-B4C-TaC and C-B4C-TiC mixed powder by hot-pressing under the pressure of 19.6 MPa at 2200°.After hot-pressing, NbC, TaC and TiC changed into borides through the reaction with coexisting B4C.Bending strength in the range from room temperature to 2000° and thermal shock resistance in the quenching temperature ranging from 0° to 1000°were measured for these carbon-ceramics composites.
    Bending strength of the composites prepared from C-
    B4C
    ,
    C
    -
    B4C
    -NbC and C-B4C-TaC mixed powders increased monotonically with an increase of temperature up to 1600°-1700°.Its maximum value was 1.3-1.6 times that at room temperature.Bending strength decreased with temperature above 1600°-1700°.Bending strength of the composite prepared from C-B4C-TiC mixed powder also increased with an increase of temperature up to 1500°, but the amount of increase in strength at high temperatures was small in comparison with the strength increase for other composites.Bending strength also decreased above 1500° in this case.
    The carbon-ceramics composites showed very high thermal shock resistance.The critical quenching temperature difference of the composites prepared from 60 vol%C-30 vol%B4C-10 vol%NbC (or TaC or TiC) and 70 vol%C-20 vol%B4C-10 vol%NbC (or TaC or TiC) was 700°-900° and more than 1000° respectively.These values are much higher than those for such oxides as Al2O3 and ZrO2.
    From these experimental results, it is considered that these carbon-ceramics composites are possibly used at high temperatures up to 1500°-1700° under high stresses as a structural material.
  • コバルトおよびその合金の無電解メッキに関する研究 (第3報)
    鷹野 修, 出口 和夫, 石橋 知
    金属表面技術
    1967年 18 巻 2 号 46-51
    発行日: 1967/02/20
    公開日: 2009/10/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The relation between the plating conditions and the rate of deposition or the composition of plated film on electroless plating bath for cobalt-nickel alloy of sulfate-hypophosphite system was investigated. The results obtained were as follows.
    1) The following 3 kinds of baths were selected for stable plating baths having relatively high rate of deposition.
    a) Caustic alkaline citrate bath (
    C
    -
    C
    )
    b
    ) Ammoniacal alkaline citrate bath (A-C)
    c) Ammoniacal alkaline tartrate bath (A-T)
    2) The preferable conditions for plating bath of C-C type were as follows: CoSO4+NiSO4 0.1 mol/l, Na-citrate 0.2mol/l, H3BO3 0.5mol/l, pH=7(NaOH), and operating temperature 90°C.
    Under the above conditions, a desired film composition containing phosphorus with any ratio of nickel to cobalt was obtained by controlling the ratio of concentrations of nickel to cobalt in the bath.
    3) The phosphorus content in the alloy film decreased almost linearly from 14% (in nickel film) to 4% (in cobalt film) with the increase of cobalt content in the film.
    4) The sum of the rate of deposition in each single bath was almost equal to the rate of the alloy plating bath; however, the ratio of nickel to cobalt in the alloy film did not correspond well with the rate of deposition in each single bath, but a higher content of cobalt than the value calculated from its rate of deposition was always given.
  • 本地 節郎
    地理学評論
    1954年 27 巻 12 号 507-517
    発行日: 1954/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The retail shops in a city are divided into groups of two kinds, the central group and non-contral ones. Each shop group has its trade area, that is, the distribution area of customers or the distribution area of goods sold at shops in the group. The trade area of the shopping center of a city covers a wide area which often embraces the neighbouring towns and villages While the respective trade area of non-central shop groups covers only. a limited area in the city and usually overlaps to each other.
    The writer at first theoretically treated the trade area of a non-central shop group and subdivided the area into the following three: (a) the area most closely connected to a shopping street, (b) the intermediate area and (c) the area most loosely tied to a shopping street. If two oriaore shopping streets were closely situated or intersect to each other, such combinations are to be seen as (a, a), (b, b), (
    c
    ,
    c
    ), (
    b
    , c), etc. in the ovelap of their trade areas. In the second place, taking the northern part of Ryato city as his field, the writer, surveyed the trade areas of four shopping streets running parallel and intersecting to each other in order to compare them with theoretically defined trade areas. The special features in shape and extension of the overlapping trade areas as the deviation from the theoretical cases were explained as the effects of non-proportioned distribution of the shopping streets to the residential areas, difference in drawing power for customers which depends mainly upon the density of shops and how many different kinds of shops are there in respective shopping street, and sporadic exsistence of .permanent retail markets in the area surveyed.
  • 渡辺 信子
    JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL
    1974年 38 巻 8 号 707-718
    発行日: 1974/09/30
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The ballistocardiogram (BCG) or finger plethysmogram (FPG) is one of the bloodless examination methods related to cardiovascular dynamics. The effects of amyl nitrite and methoxamine on BCG, FPG and ECG (electrocardiogram) were studied in order to find out the mechanisms constructing ballistocardiographic waves. Materials and Methods: Seventy healthy persons without cardio-pulmonary diseases were divided into 2 groups: Group I, consisting of 40 young persons less than 35 years of age; and Group 2, consisting of 30 older persons over 50 years of age. The longitudinal BCG through von Wittern's sublow-frequency table, FPG and ECG w, ere recorded simultaneously while holding the breath, before 0.25 ml amyl nitrite inhalation for 15 seconds, and 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 seconds after the beginning of the inhalation. In 10 minutes after the inhalation, the BCG, FPG and ECG returned to their original levels. Then they were recorded again before the 25-second intravenous injection of 0.08 mg/Kg methoxamine and 30 seconds, 1, 2, 3 and 5 minutes after the beginning of the injection. The effects of the agents were controlled by FPG and ECG. Twenty items (14 items in the longitudinal BCG, 5 items in the FPG and one item in the ECG) were selected from the findings of the records obtained. These items were measured and calculated for the study. The heights of H, I, J, K and N, the amplitudes of HI, IJ, JK and LM, the amplitude ratios of HI/IJ, JK/IJ and LM/IJ, and the times of Q-J and Q-N were measured as usual in longitudinal BCG. Q-J time meant the time from the beginning of the Q wave in the ECG to the tip of J wave in BCG. Q-N time had similar meaning. The tip of the FPG wave was named "B", the incisura named "C", the starting point of the FPG wave on the base line named "S", the amplitude of the wave named "b", and the height of the incisura named "c". The "c/b" was called incisura ratio. "b", "
    c
    ", "
    c
    /
    b
    ", "SB time" and "SC time" were measured and calculated. R-R time only was measured in ECG.
  • 第1編 臨牀的觀察
    山本 春海
    岡山醫學會雜誌
    1936年 48 巻 7 号 1753-1770
    発行日: 1936/07/31
    公開日: 2009/08/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    Der Verf. berichtet über 160 Fälle von Prostatahypertrophie, welche vom Januar 1921 bis August 1935 in der Klinik zur Untersuchung kamen. Er hat statistische sowie zystoskopische Untersuchungen darüber gemacht und kam zu folgenden Resultaten:
    1) Prostatahypertrophie betrug durchschnittlich 1, 75% (0, 63 bis 5, 53%) von den urologischen Leiden in der Klinik.
    2) Diese Krankheit wurde am häufigsten im 66. bis 77. Lebensalter gefunden, der jüngste Fall war im 38. und der älteste im 89. Lebensalter.
    3) Die anamnestisch an Gonorrhoe gerittenen Personen betrugen 70 (42%).
    4) Was Berufsarten und Wohnörter anbelangt, so zeigte seine Statistik eine auffallende Mehrzahl von Bauer und Dorfbewohner, doch konnte er keine gewisse Beziehung zwischen Berufsarten, Wohnörtern, den Reichen und Armen zur Entstehung dieser Krankheit denken.
    5) Dieses Leiden erschien meistens bei kräftig gebauten und mässig gut ernährten Männern, während es nur selten bei schwächlichem Körperbau und schlechtem Ernährungszustande gefunden wurde.
    6) Die häufigsten Hauptklagen waren Harnretention und Pollakisurie.
    7) Residualharn war in den meisten Fällen 200 bis 250 c. c.
    8) Im ganzen und allgemeinen betraf er diese Krankheit am häufigsten in den heissen Jahreszeiten (besonders im Juli) und umgekehrt am mindesten im Januar und Dezember.
    9) Bei digitaler bzw. rektaler Betastung fand er in den häufigsten Fällen hühuereigrosse und öfters asymmetrische Tumoren, u. z. der linke Lappen war grösser als der rechte.
    10) Die zystoskopische Untersuchung war immer für eine der wichtigsten diagnostischen Methoden gehalten worden, also führte er dieselbe in 113 Fällen aus. Die Befunde waren folgende:
    a. Blasenkapazität: 100 bis 700
    c
    .
    c
    .
    b
    . Narkosen: Meistens waren lokale oder sakrale Anästhesien angewandt. 4 Fälle wurden durch Oulopan-Natrium gefahrlos und narkotisiert.
    c. Die Bilder der Hypertrophien der Prostatalappen wurden in allen Fällen konstatiert; besonders zeigten 6 Fälle von ihnen prominierte Mittellappen.
    d. Bedeutende Balkenbildungen waren in 78 Fällen beobachtet.
    e. Entzündliche Bilder der Blasenschleimhaut wurden im 64% konstatiert, welche meistens an Trigonum und an Hinterwand lokalisiert waren.
    f. Ureterenmündungen waren meistens scheinbar intakt.
    g. Lurzsches Phänomen fiel in allen Fällen negativ aus.
    11) Funktionsprüfungen der Nieren wurden hauptsächlich mit Phenolsulfouphthalein und Indigocarmin ausgeführt, eiue Hälfte der Fälle zeigte ganz normale Resultate.
    12) Als Komplikation fand er 21 Fälle von Blasenstein. Chemische Bestandteile des Steines waren meistens von Harnsäure, Phosphat und Oxalat.
    13) Prostatektomie wurden in 30 Fällen ausgeführt, die alle ganz günstig verliefen.
  • 太田 雅也
    医科器械学
    2003年 73 巻 4 号 204-
    発行日: 2003/04/01
    公開日: 2022/06/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    指尖容積脈波を2回微分した加速度脈波(2階微分脈波)の波形には,a,b,c,dの4変曲点があり,この変曲点についてb/aは末梢血管の動脈硬化度と相関があり,c/aは静脈還流度(眼底の静脈血管径と相関)と相関があることがすでに報告されている.この4変曲点により,加速度脈波の波形を(A+,A,A-,B+,B+X,B,BX,
    C
    +,
    C
    ,
    B
    -,C-,E+,E,D+,D,D-,E-,F,F-,G,G-)の22分類に分け,下記に示す各項目に関して,データを収集したので報告する.I)年齢別測定:20歳代から70歳代にかけて,1,200名の測定を実施した結果,20歳代ではAタイプ(A+,A,A-),Bタイプ(B+,B,B-,)が多く,30歳代ではAタイプが減少し,Bタイプ,Cタイプが増加している.40歳代から50歳代,60歳代にかけてC,Dタイプが主流になっている.70歳代では,Eタイプが標準になっている.II)既往症のある者,有症患者の波形:同年代の健常者と比較すると,高年齢波形を示し,C〜Fタイプの波形を示す人が多かった.III)高コレステロール者と健常者の比較:高コレステロール者は健常者に比べ,高年齢波形を示した.IV)運動の効果:短時間,長時間の運動ともに効果が確認された.〔結論〕以上の結果を総合すると,末梢血管血流測定は生活習慣病の予防,改善に有効であり,運動の結果,食事の効果を判定することも可能である.なお,この測定に使用した機器は加速度脈波計BCテェッカー【○!R】(フューチャー・ウエイブ)である.
  • 森川 洋
    自治総研
    2020年 46 巻 505 号 49-65
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2020/12/03
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
  • 池澤 剛, 川村 智子, 大貫 史明, 森下 由紀雄
    日本臨床細胞学会雑誌
    2011年 50 巻 6 号 313-319
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2012/02/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    目的 : ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) 施行時に採取された細胞診標本が不良になる原因としての造影剤の影響とブラシ洗浄標本の有効性を検討した.
    方法 : 胆嚢23 例を用い, 胆嚢粘膜ブラシ擦過直接塗抹標本, 造影剤原液および希釈液浸漬後ブラシ擦過直接塗抹標本, 生理食塩水洗浄標本, 造影剤原液と造影剤希釈液の各溶液でブラシを洗浄した洗浄液標本を作製し, 細胞形態を比較した.
    成績 : 造影剤原液および 2 倍, 8 倍希釈造影剤浸漬後ブラシ擦過直接塗抹標本と造影剤原液および 2 倍, 8 倍希釈造影剤を用いた洗浄標本では, 核や細胞質の濃縮, 濃染などアーチファクトが強く細胞構造が不明瞭となり, 診断には不適正な標本となった. 16 倍, 32 倍希釈造影剤浸漬後ブラシ擦過直接塗抹標本と造影剤 32 倍希釈液洗浄液標本では生食洗浄液標本と同様の所見であった.
    結論 : 造影剤は固定作用を妨害していることが示唆された. ERCP 施行時の細胞診標本は造影剤原液の付着したブラシ直接塗抹標本より, 造影剤の希釈されるブラシ洗浄液標本が有効であると考えられた.
  • *熊谷 知彦, 中野 雄介
    理論応用力学講演会 講演論文集
    2022年 66 巻 OS2-2-03
    発行日: 2022年
    公開日: 2022/10/17
    会議録・要旨集 フリー

    空間構造物へのTMDの適用に関して,TMDの応答低減効果は対象構造物の自由振動特性の影響を受けることが明らかとなっている。一方で,大地震時に制御対象構造物の部材が降伏した場合においては,その固有周期が伸び,モード形状が変化することで,TMDによる応答低減効果が低下する可能性が考えられる。そこで本研究では,多重TMDにより地震応答を制御する際に,構造物が弾塑性応答を呈する際の応答低減効果について検討している。対象とするのは,スパン36mの屋根型円筒ラチスシェルである。TMDは,変位応答の卓越する上位3モードを制御対象として,最適条件式に基づいて設計する。その結果,地震動強さλEによらず最大鉛直応答を低減可能であり,初期降伏を発生する地震動強さλEyは大きくなること,λEの増大に伴って非制振時に発生する非対称変形は,TMDを設置することで抑えられること等が得られた。

  • Toshiharu WARAGAI, Keiichi OYAMADA
    Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science
    2007年 15 巻 2 号 123-149
    発行日: 2007/03/25
    公開日: 2009/03/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    Concepts can be arranged in a taxonomical order by means of a partial ordering relation, and a taxonomical structure of concepts is usually supposed to have a linkage to reality. However, here is a logico-ontological jump of significant theoretical importance: a taxonomical structure of concepts does not include in itself any logical ability to relate concepts to objects. That is to say, a mere arrangement of concepts does not logically require at all of any linkage between concepts and reality. There can logically be no direct jump from concepts to reality.
    The partial ordering relation required to describe a conceptual taxonomy is in close logical relation to the particle known historically as copula in syllogistic systems. By and large the copula corresponds to the relation IS-A that is today widely used in describing a conceptual taxonomy. We use the symbol ‘⊂’ for IS-A relation. Another relation that relates concepts to objects often called today ‘an-instance-of relation’ will be introduced by definition. This relation will be expressed by the symbol ‘ε’. To define this relation we shall use the functor of (non-reflexive) identity to which we assign the symbol ‘=’.
    We aim in this paper to construct a logical system that is appropriate to describing the logical relations between a taxonomy of concepts and reality, which is tantamount to constructing a version of logical Ontology (first constructed by Lesniewski in 1920) on the basis of two primitive functors, i. e. ⊂ and =.
  • 金井弘夫
    植物研究雑誌
    1985年 60 巻 6 号 172-183
    発行日: 1985/06/20
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Takayoshi ISHIMOTO, Masanori TACHIKAWA
    Journal of Computer Chemistry, Japan
    2010年 9 巻 1 号 15-20
    発行日: 2010/01/04
    公開日: 2010/01/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    To elucidate the adequate molecular exponents for sp3-, sp2-, and sp-hybrid characters, we have performed the optimization for both geometry and Gaussian-type function (GTF) exponents using various hydrocarbon molecules. We have found that the scale factor 1.2 is significant for the p-type GTFs in sp3-carbon, as well as hydrogen. The optimized molecular exponents give a flexible description of σ and π bonds in C-C chemical bonds induced by the difference of hybrid states. We also confirmed the efficiency of our calculation concerning the total energy and geometrical parameters in comparison with the results using the high quality basis sets.
  • Kazuya Kobayashi, Natsuka Takada, Yuki Matsubara, Hiroaki Okuhara, Masaki Oosaka
    The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology
    2024年 70 巻 2 号 論文ID: 2024.01.003
    発行日: 2024年
    公開日: 2024/09/04
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2024/01/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    電子付録

    To enhance the value of surimi, efforts have been made to develop a fermentation method with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to proteolyze fish protein. However, fermenting unheated surimi poses a spoilage risk due to its high bacterial content. Surimi heat treatment can prevent spoilage, but gel formation induced by heating introduces another technical issue: it hinders uniform fermentation. Thus, this study aims to observe the proteolysis and enhance the functionality of seafood product through lactic acid fermentation of kamaboko, a heated surimi. Upon analyzing the kamaboko fermented with Lactobacillus helveticus JCM1004, we observed that LAB produced protease, resulting in the degradation of myosin heavy chain and actin during fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation significantly augmented the peptide content of kamaboko, subsequently elevating the angiotensin Ⅰ-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in 200-fold diluted extract of fermented kamaboko to approximately 70% and higher. Notably, our investigation revealed that proteolysis was confined to the surface of kamaboko, as evidenced by SDS-PAGE analysis. This observation implies that the surface area of kamaboko influences the ACE inhibitory activity. Through a comparative analysis of various bacterial strains, we demonstrated that the increase in ACE inhibitory activity is contingent on the protease generated by LAB. These results suggest that LAB-mediated proteolysis of fish proteins liberates bioactive peptides, thereby manifesting in the ACE inhibitory activity. In summary, this study underscores that the fermentation of kamaboko employing proteolytic LAB holds promise in the development of novel functional seafood products.

  • - 進行波の方向制御と振幅制御 -
    伊藤 来, 辻 裕一
    精密工学会誌
    2008年 74 巻 4 号 369-374
    発行日: 2008/04/05
    公開日: 2010/08/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    By using modulated laser diode, standing wave is excited on the micro-disk, and guide line of the selection of material for photothermal effect is shown from the properties of the disk material. Amplitude increases with decreasing the thickness of micro-disk. Amplitude increases with ratio of the coefficient of thermal expansion and the thermal conductivity. Moreover, amplitude increases with laser output. It is obtained that stainless steel is most suitable material for photothermal-effect from the properties of the disk material.
    Traveling wave of mode shape No.3 is excited on a micro-disk by using two modulated laser diodes. Amplitude and direction of the traveling wave are controlled by changing duty ratio of a laser and phase difference. By controlling the phase of the modulated laser diode, traveling wave generated on the micro-disk is controlled to the direction of clockwise or counter-clockwise. By controlling the duty ratio of the modulated laser diode similar to the PWM control, amplitude of standing wave and traveling wave are controlled. The highest peak-to-peak amplitude of standing wave is generated at the duty ratio of 75% and higest peak-to-peak amplitude of traveling wave is generated at the duty ratio of 70%.
  • *湯川 崇, 細川 和彦, 谷口 尚弘, 苫米地 司
    雪氷研究大会講演要旨集
    2013年 2013 巻 C4-15
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2014/06/05
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • Kohei NAKASHIMA, Kazuki FUMA, Daisuke KUROKAWA, Yuki NAKANO, Yoshio MURAKAMI, Masago YAMAMOTO
    Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing
    2012年 6 巻 1 号 23-32
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/01/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    In a two-stroke cycle engine, the piston and its piston rings slide over the cylinder wall and its cylinder ports. This study investigates how those piston rings project and catch in cylinder ports, and examines the effects of engine speed and round chamfered ports on projection and catching. Strain gauges were installed on the bottom of the top and second rings, over the intake and exhaust ports. The variation of strain was then observed over each engine cycle. The piston behavior was then analyzed to consider ring projection and catching in ports. Results suggest the rings indeed project and catch in the ports, immediately after the piston moves from the intake port side to the exhaust port side, and again when the piston continues moving along the exhaust port on the upward stroke. Engine speed had a minimal effect on this projection and catching. However, larger round chamfered ports might decrease the second ring projection and catching in the exhaust port.
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