Adsorption characteristics of β-carotene from triglyceride n-hexane solution were invesitigated to elucidate the inhibition effect of trilinolein on β-carotene adsorption by attapulgites and sepiolites. The inhibition effect of trilinolein was larger than that of triolein in the initial adsorption rate and the adsorbed amount of β-carotene. Inhibition of trilinolein in maximum amount of β-carotene adsorbed on clay minerals was 1.2 times as strong as that of triolein. It was suggested that adsorption of β-carotene on clay minerals was inhibited due to binding trilinolein to β-carotene in n-hexane. The total inhibition effect was not in direct proportion to the number or the concentration of triglycerides coexisted in n-hexane.

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氷期-間氷期サイクルに伴う大気中CO2濃度の変動には、海洋の炭素循環が大きな役割を果たしていることは確かであるが、炭酸塩の保存・溶解がどの程度寄与しているかを定量的に言うことは依然として難しい。また太平洋は大きいので炭素収支への寄与も大きいことは確かだが、海盆全体が深いことととCCDが浅いことのために、中層での炭酸塩保存・溶解が十分には評価されてきていない。そこで本研究では、日本南岸の外洋域において、海洋表層に死骸で浮遊していたもの・セディメントトラップで回収された水柱を沈降中のもの・表層堆積物の３通りの試料から浮遊性有孔虫Globigerinoides sacculiferの完全個体を50-70個ずつ集め、そのサイズ・重量・酸素炭素安定同位体比を一個体ずつについて分析することを通して、浮遊性有孔虫殻の重量変化過程を明らかにするとともに、過去の溶解程度の変動とその同位体比への影響を検討した。

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Co及びNiを添加した際のSn-Ag-Cu系はんだの微細構造と引張特性について調査した。Co及びNi添加によってCoSn2，または（Cu,Ni）6Sn5の金属間化合物がはんだ組織中に形成された。また全ての試料において、エイジング後引張強度はわずかに低下するが、伸びは明らかに増加した。

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The controller parameters of a quadrotor helicopter have to be properly adjusted for the helicopter to fly stably, while considering the helicopter’s dynamics. Typically, there exists uncertainty in helicopter dynamics such as parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics including external disturbances. To cope with uncertainty in the dynamics, it is effective to update controller parameters according to the performance during the flight. This paper proposes the introduction of a simple adaptive control (SAC), which is an adaptive control technique to augment the conventional attitude controller based on the PD controller to attenuate the effect of uncertainty. The introduction of a constraint to the adaptive gain is also proposed to suppress overshoot in the transient response. In this study, it was demonstrated through numerical simulations and experiments that the proposed controller was effective and that its performance was better in comparison to the original PD controller.

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Kinetic study of glucose production from cellobiose through hydrolysis has been performed to compare reaction characteristics by using reaction models with β-glucosidase (Trichoderma reesei) and with graphenebased amorphous solid acid catalyst (SAC). The decrease of cellobiose concentration through hydrolysis with β-glucosidase is inhibited by present glucose as reported, resulting in unreacted cellobiose remained for a long time. In contrast cellobiose concentration decreased with SAC obeying 1st reaction rate model, showing relatively rapid reaction rate without such inhibition observed in hydrolysis with β-glucosidase. By using the plug flow reactor with a SAC packing column, an attempt of catalytic aging experiment was carried out about over 4,000 h, succeeding in construction of the 1st order reaction rate model.

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A difference in adsorption characteristics of β-carotene between one component (β-carotene) and two components (β-carotene and constant concentration of triolein) in n-hexane solution was investigated in order to elucidate the inhibition effect of triolein on β-carotene adsorption by attapulgites and sepiolites. The adsorption rate of triolein was faster than that of β-carotene in the two components hexane solution. The amount of β-carotene adsorbed per minitue at the very beginning of adsorption decreased to approximately 1/2-1/3 of that in the one component hexane solution. A decrease in the amount of triolein desorbed in hexane suggests that small number of adsorbed triolein were covered with β-carotene adsorption and that the rest of adsorbed triolein was independent of adsorption sites of β-carotene on adsorbent. Adsorption isotherms of β-carotene in the two components hexane solution were a typical Langmuir type in which the plot of adsorbed amount against the residual concentration gives a flat curve. Triolein adsorption capacity of adsorbent was proportional to the decrease in the amount of adsorbed β-carotene and this fact indicates that one molecule triolein adsorption inhibits 0.84 molecule β-carotene adsorption.

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Individual adsorption characteristics of β-carotene and triolein on attapulgite and sepiolite were compared in order to elucidate how triolein inhibits the adsorption of β-carotene. Adsorption rate of triolein on attapulgite and sepiolite was twice that of β-carotene at the very beginning of adsorption. Adsorption isotherms of β-carotene and triolein were well expressed by the Langmuir equation. Maximum adsorption amount of triolein was larger than that of β-carotene. β-Carotene and triolein were chemically and physically, respectively adsorbed on the weak acid sites which are distributed on the surface of adsorbent.

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The release mechanism of the rat atrial granules containing atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) was examined. In addition, the ultrastructure of right atrial myocardiocytes incubated in a medium containing an excess calcium and calcium ionophores (A 23187) was investigated by electron microscopy. After 3-15 minute incubation in the medium, many ANP-containing atrial specific granules were detected in the vicinity of the subsarcolemmal region, and invagination of the plasma membranes occurred as well as a large number of vacuoles were observed. After incubation with an excess calcium and calcium ionophores for 40 minutes, the atrial specific granules had completely disappeared and numerous vacuoles appeared in the sarcoplasm of the atrial myocardiocytes. Thus, release of ANP and their reabsorption by membranes were accelerated by the presence of calcium and calcium ionophores.

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From Streptomyces noursei B3, two plasmids-designated pSCY5 and pSCY6-were isolated in addition to the known plasmid pSCY3. Strains carrying one or more of these plasmids generated pocks on a lawn of the plasmid-free strain, S. noursei KL3. The pocks elicited by pSCY3 and pSCY5 belonged to the A type; i.e., showed a clear inhibition zone, while those produced by pSCY6 were of the B type; i.e., exhibited a turbid inhibition zone. The strains carrying either pSCY3 or pSCY5, were also capable of forming pocks on a lawn of S. noursei 6T-11 harboring pSCY6, and vice versa. However, pock formation was not observed between strains harboring pSCY3 and strains carrying pSCY5. The endonuclease cleavage maps of these plasmids revealed that pSCY3 differed clearly from that of pSCY6, whereas pSCY5 was found to be a hybrid plasmid consisting of the entire pSCY3 plasmid and an 8.4Md or longer fragment originating from pSCY6. The pocks elicited by pSCY5 were much smaller than those produced by pSCY3. Transformation experiments showed that pSCY6 elicited pocks in Streptomyces lividans as well as in S. noursei, whereas the pSCY6 transformants of S. lividans failed to produce pocks on a lawn of plasmid-free S. noursei.

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Objective: To report a case of an acutely ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm (VADA) with a hypoplastic contralateral vertebral artery (VA) successfully treated with internal trapping following the estimation of the collateral flow from anterior circulation.

Case Presentation: A 46-year-old woman was diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage and acute hydrocephalus. Ventriculostomy was performed under general anesthesia. CTA revealed a left VADA distal to the origin of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). The right VA was hypoplastic, and the right posterior communicating artery (Pcom) was fetal type. We performed balloon test occlusion (BTO) of the VA proximal to the origin of the left PICA and estimated sufficient collateral blood flow via the right Pcom and basilar artery (BA) to the anterior spinal artery (ASA) and the left PICA. Internal trapping of the left VADA was then performed. The angiograms after internal trapping revealed collateral flow from the right Pcom to the BA, and the hypoplastic right VA perfused the proximal BA and ASA. She recovered without any neurological deficits following antiplatelet therapy and vasospasm treatment. She was followed up for 6 years without any neurological events occurring.

Conclusion: When BTO indicates sufficient collateral flow, internal trapping could be a useful treatment for acutely ruptured VADAs on the dominant side, given a complete understanding of the angioarchitecture and the risk of vasospasm due to subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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A cojugate(Lys-UDCA)of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with L-lysine was newly synthesized, and basic studies on this compound were carried out. In the incubation experiments with plasma, homogenates of the liver and small intestine, various pancreatic enzymes and cholylglycine hydrolase (CGH), carboxypeptidase B and CGH deconjugated Lys-UDCA. In the experiment using rodent everted gut sac, Lys-UDCA was actively absorbed from the terminal ileum. Conjugated (tauro-or glyco-UDCA) and free UDCA as well as Lys-UDCA were recovered well in the bile after intravenous or intraileal administration of Lys-UDCA in biliary fistula rat. Lys-UDCA showed less hemolytic action compared to tauro-UDCA and free UDCA. These data suggest that Lys-UDCA is a good prodrug of UDCA for intravenous administration.

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No matter how sophisticated and accurate hydrologic models may be, prediction uncertainty is unavoidable problem in rainfall-runoff modeling and it stems from various components. Therefore, it is essential to identify and reduce sources of uncertainty for more precise agreement between model prediction and observations in the real system. In the context of uncertainty issues, the problem of model structural uncertainty or stability is an issue of increasing interest in recent research. This paper examines a nature of model structural inadequacy using a single-objective global optimization method in hydrological modeling and proposes a framework to assess model structural stability through a comparison of two hydrologic models.

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Usage of new means of transportation such as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) or new flying vehicles is being actively promoted in both of Japan and overseas. The airspace where such new means of transportation are expected in lower airspace than the airspace passenger airplanes fly. So, a study of new air traffic management schemes targeting the lower airspace has recently occurred. It is important to understand the current utilization of the targeting airspace when considering air traffic management. In order to grasp the lower level airspace utilization in Japan, the flight plan and related information were referred and the trend of VFR flight was analyzed. It is important to note that the flights not being obligated to submit flight plan exist, but the results clarified the statistical values of the flight purpose and flight time of VFR flight in Japan. It will be useful for the future study of air traffic management at low level airspace.

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A study of the use of a visualization technique for the distributions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in coastal seas was conducted to assist environmental water management. In this study, the absorption coefficient of colored dissolved organic matter (aCDOM) obtained from a satellite equipped with an ocean color sensor as an index for visualizing the DOM distributions. In 2010, the first geostationary satellite having the sensor (COMS/GOCI) was launched, enabling hourly high-resolution data (~500 m) on aCDOM to be obtained. The spatial and temporal resolutions of the data derived from this satellite are the most appropriate for investigating the water quality in coastal seas, which changes dynamically depending on weather conditions. A surface water sampling was undertaken in 2015 in Osaka Bay, Japan. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, the main components of DOM, were highly correlated with field-obtained aCDOM, (R² = 0.91, 0.90 (n = 39), respectively). The field-obtained aCDOM was significantly correlated with the satellite-derived aCDOM (R² = 0.60, (n = 54)). These results indicate the potential to use satellite ocean color sensors (GOCI) to visualize and assess the distribution of DOM in coastal seas at high temporal resolution.

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The 14-azido-, 14-thiocyanato-, 14-acetoxy-, and 14-acetylthio- derivatives of 7-O-(3, 4-di-O-acetyl-2, 6-dideoxy-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)daunomycinone were synthesized by displacement reactions conducted on the corresponding 14-bromide. The in vivo antitumor activities of the products were compared with that of the 14-hydroxyl derivative in the murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia assay. The 14-acetoxy derivative was highly active and of low toxicity; the other products showed negligible or low activities.

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In North-eastern provinces of Japan, last two years the paddy rice plants had very poor ears on account of unseasonable weather, and consequently the crops severely failed. In connection with the researches on these bad crops, the auther studied first of all on the formation of blasted corns. The pot experiments for paddy rice plants were carried out in 1935,with 48 WAGNER'S pots. After harvest the examinations upon the growth and the determinations of total nitrongen, total reducing sugar solubled in 80% hot alcohol and starch (according to diastase method) in the stems and leaves of plants were made. And the following results were obtained upon the crops of rice plants which were cultivated under the additions of N, P and K at the constant quantities respectively to each pot, even though the combined forms of N were different. (1) Generally the weights of total corns and ripened corns of plants per pot which have the smaller ratio of blasted to total corns, viz.[numerical formula]are both heavier than those of plants which have the larger ratio. (2) Generally the ratio of stems plus leaves to total corns of plants per pot which have the smaller ratio of blasted to total corns is smaller than that of plants which have the larger ratio. (3) The ratio of sugar plus starch to nitrogen and the ratio of sugar to nitrogen in the stems and leaves of plants per pot which have the smaller ratio of blasted to total corns are both smaller than those of plants which have the larger ratio.

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A mutant of Cephalosporium acremonium producing high amounts of penicillin N was isolated. This antibiotic was purified and characterized. It was possible to convert this penicillin N to deacetoxycephalosporin C enzymatically. The reaction could be carried out with enzyme systems prepared from C. acremonium mutants producing either no β-lactam antibiotics or excreting only penicillin N. It was surprising that a high level of transformation capacity was just found in a cephem negative mutant which overproduces penicillin N. For that reason the inability of the latter mutant to produce cephem compounds cannot be explained by a functional block of the ring expanding enzyme complex. The enzyme preparations used to carry out this reaction were made by ether-treatment or sonication of C. acremonium cells, or by submitting them to osmotic shock. The ring expanding enzyme system is strongly dependent on ATP and behaves as a 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase.

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