This study aimed to experimentally assess the sensibility of thumbnails on online video-sharing services for tourism targeting elderly people. A total of 100 males and females aged 60 and above participated in the experiment. There were 29 male participants: 1 in his 60s, 18 in their 70s, and 10 in their 80s. Of the 71 female participants, 19 were in their 60s, 43 in their 70s, and 9 in their 80s. This experiment was conducted at a welfare exchange center located in Saitama Prefecture. Four thumbnails with varying font types, font color, font sizes, and image edging were created and used in various conditions. The assessment included 11 items measuring the participants’ sensibility evaluation and 2 items measuring their comprehensive evaluation of thumbnails. Four types of experimental thumbnail conditions were prepared and randomly presented to the participants. In each condition, participants viewed thumbnails (10 seconds), answered measurement items (1 minute 30 seconds), and took a break (20 minutes). The main factors influencing sensibility evaluation were derived by conducting a factor analysis using principal axis factoring and varimax rotation on the results obtained from the experiment. Factor 1 included positive keywords such as “Enjoyable” and “Exciting.” Therefore, factor 1 was named “Curiosity.” Factor 2 included negative keywords such as “Unpleasant” and “Boring.” Therefore, factor 2 was named “Disgust.” Furthermore, in analyses using factor scores, participants’ sensitivity evaluation of thumbnails was influenced by gender. Therefore, it is important to consider gender differences when designing thumbnails based on sensitivity evaluations.

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The purpose of this study is to inverstigate the relationship between clothing images and its design elemants images-colors, patterns, textures, and silhouettes which compose some parts of them. Data were photograph samples which represent 10 clothing images, collected from fashion magazines, We measured the whole clothing images and its design elements images, and examined the relationship between them by means of canonical correlation analysis.
From the result of this study, it was found that there is a high level of significance between them, When the colors are plain, they are related to simple, cute and feminine clothing images;the featureless patterns.to simple, sporty, cute and classic ones;the modest textures, to simple, cute and classic ones; the silhouettes, to simple, sporty and mannish ones.

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In Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper(1881), the prince Edward and the pauper Tom are suddenly forced to change their places, and experience the different ways of life. Thus, this story develops in the two plots-that of Tom in Court and that of Edward among the populace. Such a contrastive plot seems to be brought into relief by the author's cumulative use of contrastive expression appearing in each scene on thematic dimensions like “dignity, ” “wealth,” “truthfulness,” etc. Put in another way, his contrastive expression may be regarded as one of the rhetorical devices which build up the author's style in this novel. It is the aim of the present article to examine the qualities of the language of The Prince and the Pauper and to approach the relation between his contrastive expression and the themes of this work including Twain's satirical view on the society in the sixteenth-century England.

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The Kansei-based image retrieval (KBIR) aims to index images based on user's emotion and sensation. In this paper, we construct a KBIR system using scenery images as retrieval objects, which consists of three parts: visual features extraction, Kansei perception inference, and retrieval adjustment by relevance feedback. In the first part, low-level visual features such as color, texture, and shape features are extracted from perceptual viewpoints for all images. In addition, 5 pairs of Kansei keywords are selected to represent human Kansei perceptions from 5 different angles. In the second part, the multidimensional scaling technique is applied to discover the general relationship between image visual features and human Kansei perceptions, based on which we build a Bayesian decision model to characterize each image with 5 Kansei scores. The deduced Kansei evaluation represents the general impression or feeling engendered by an image and is used for the initial retrieval. In order to refine the retrieval results to make them agree with user's personal preference furthermore, we introduce the relevance feedback mechanism in our KBIR system and complete it with another Bayesian decision model. A prototype image retrieval system has been developed, the experimental results of which showed that the Bayesian decision models are promising for such kind of ambiguous retrieval.

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In this paper, we present a novel portrait impression estimation method using nine pairs of semantic impression words: bitter-majestic, clear-pure, elegant-mysterious,

-mature, modern-intellectual, natural-mild, sporty-agile, sweet-sunny, and vivid-dynamic. In the first part of the study, we analyzed the relationship between the facial features in deformed portraits and the nine semantic impression word pairs over a large dataset, which we collected by a crowdsourcing process. In the second part, we leveraged the knowledge from the results of the analysis to develop a ranking network trained on the collected data and designed to estimate the semantic impression associated with a portrait. Our network demonstrated superior performance in impression estimation compared with current state-of-the-art methods.

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In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in interest in dental esthetics. In prosthodontic clinical practice, patients are highly concerned with tooth color, among other esthetic requirements, and they have a strong desire to have white teeth. However, it is not clear what impression a person's tooth color gives to others, nor is it clear whether there is a difference between the impression men and women have. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different teeth colors have on the impression female smiles give by using the semantic differential method and factor analysis. The subjects were 52 students undergoing clinical training at the School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University. The average face of 10 adult women whose tooth color had been converted by image processing to C4, A2 or NW0 according to the shade guide was used as the stimulus image, and an impression measurement was performed. As part of the statistical analysis, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the impression structure of different tooth colors on the impression of female smiles. The extracted factors were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (mixed design), with tooth color and gender as factors. In the factor analysis, two factors were extracted: "

" and "natural". The analysis of variance revealed a difference in the main effect of tooth color for both factors. These findings suggest that differences in tooth color have an influence on the impression female smiles give to dental students, irrespective of their gender. (J Osaka Dent Univ 2023; 57: 31-40)

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The 72 3D skirt curved shapes, including the tight and 3 kinds of flared skirts, on 6 kinds of fabrics, were categorized by using the both evaluations of both sensitivity images and the physical properties for the fabrics and designs of the skirt. The sensitivity image evaluations by 80 young Japanese women were adopted into the five fabric and the six design curved shape images, while the eight design curved shape parameters and the six fabric curved shape parameters were adopted using the physical properties. Both evaluation values of the 72 skirts were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA), and the four PC scores were classified into four skirt curved shape types. Three flared skirt types (9 all hem length flared skirts of thin and light fabric F, 22 high hem length flared skirts, and 23 low hem length flared skirts) are part of the Lady & Feminine Image Style, which uses the different fabric curved shape images and physical property parameter values with the 3D curvatures. While the low hem length type of 18 all tight skirts is the Sharp & Modern Image Style with high tension, hard skirt shape, and the small flare node images that are based mainly on the low 3D curvature values. Furthermore, the predictions of the seven sensitivity images using the measurable physical property parameter values of the skirts were confirmed.

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This paper evaluates the surface finishing of concrete buildings due to the effect of ageing. The surface finishing is evaluated on the micro level of material and macro level of the building. It was found that on the level of material, concrete becoming dirty makes the beauty decrease. However the beauty can also increase due to uniform dirtiness. On the level of building, the

gorgeous

-modest factor represents the activity, has high correlation with the degree of dirtiness, and changes from “” to “modest” with ageing. The rich-poor factor represents the total evaluations of facade, depends on the distribution of dirt and on shape of facade rather than on dirty degree.

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In recent years Taiwan has serious birth rate problem, the two main reasons are: double-salary family, and the male-female ratio, that is why a lot of Taiwanese go overseas to look for brides. As a result, there were many cross-cultural problems, such as most common wedding gift “Fortune Chicken” it has encouragement of the Fertility and happiness, nevertheless, it often omitted in translations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore some new ways to help “New-Inhabitant” understand Taiwan's marriage customs, by using creatively innovative designs that symbolizes “Fortune Chicken”, and give a variety of floral designs and images of different patterns. From the concept of intercultural communication through the semantic difference, to find “New-Inhabitant” favorite image features and imagery vocabulary. The results indicate 23 out of 30 participants said that there is a need of “Fortune Chicken” it also pointed out red brocade, golden satin weave and pattern of chrysanthemums “Fortune Chicken” had no preferred.

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The image of constructive styles were interpretedas hard-soft axis, friendly-indefferent axis, -simple axis and excellent-inferior axis, in our previous paper. In this paper, the image of constructive sylyes is discussed by the material, the composition and the form. On the material and the composition, the image of the constructive styles are classified into 4 semantic spaces of hard, soft, friendly and indefferent. On the form, the image of the constructive styles of before-modern architecture are interpreted as -simple axis, and ones of modern architecture are interpreted as the monotonous-complexity axis. Excellent-infrior axis which values the constructive styles is mainly characterized in before-modern architecture.

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This study clarified the gender-based impressions of butterfly colors and textures in order to develop products for women. For this purpose, we investigated the impressions concerning “femininity” and “texture” of 10 color stimuli of the papilionidae butterfly. Results of the factor analysis revealed “Graceful,” “Gentle,” and “Frail” as common factors of femininity. “Sexy” and “Lively” were independent factors reported by female and male participants respectively. Furthermore, stimuli were classified into five clusters and analyzed using factor score mapping. In conclusion, the results were as follows: 1) The evaluation structures concerning “femininity” for the butterfly colors differed by gender. 2) The saturations of color mainly affected the evaluations of “glossiness” and impressions concerning “flashy.” 3) The lightness and saturations of color mainly affected the evaluations of “smoothness” and impressions concerning “frail” in the female dataset. These findings could be applied in using “color” and “texture” in designing products for women.

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In this paper, first, analyses of local community mascot characters are carried out to obtain knowledge to be the popular ones. Next a mascot characters automatic creation system is proposed using these findings. As for the analyses, we used 200 mascot characters. Many interesting findings could be obtained such that dark-round eyes tend to contribute to be popular as a mascot character. The proposed system utilizing these findings can create a mascot character reflecting a user's image inputted by affective words. Many parts having degrees of affective images are prepared in the proposed system and are combined to form a character using Rough Sets Theory and an Interactive Genetic Algorithm framework. We performed evaluation experiments. Many mascot characters satisfying user's image were created and remarkable results were obtained through subjective evaluations. For example, by using the extracted rules from the analyses and Interactive Genetic Algorithm, the proposed system can create much favorable mascot characters. Moreover, we found some interesting tendencies of the color used to paint characters. One of them is that gentle characters are often painted in colors with low saturation.

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Along with recent developments of industrial finishing of plastics, simulating surfaces is much desired in industries. This research attempts to build a virtual prototyping system for surface finishing. Simulating surfaces will accelerate to Kansei-oriented product development without large cost of making real prototypes. Since the developed system renders bumpy and glossy surfaces in real-time, evaluator can accurately examine surfaces. As an application of the system, leather grain patterns of car dashboard were simulated. At first, surface details of car dashboards were measured with a laser 3D range finder device. Then, Kansei evaluation was done with 30 virtual prototypes those have variations on cars, intensity of roughness and with or without gloss. The evaluation result was analyzed with PCA and 3-factor ANOVA. Expression capacity of the system was validated with ANOVA results, those show significant effects of virtual prototype parameters on Kansei evaluation.

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Chinese traditional art has always taken a place in various art categories by virtue of its unique artistic charm and strong visual language. Therefore, the author produced a 10-minute traditional animation style clip by contemporary animation technology and presented the required design skills and performance elements. Based on the different interviewees using comparative analysis, contemporary animation can achieve traditional artistic aesthetics.

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In this study, the correlation between image of wood and its color was investigated by using 16 groups of specimens (printed, decorative veneer overlaid and various colored transparent paper overlaid 123 panels). To calculate the correlation factor between hue and image, a new numerization method of hue was proposed, which made it clear that hue of wood especially near 7.5YR gave “warm” image, and clolor of near 10R and 2.5YR with a low brightness value gave “” image. Brightness had correlation with “light” and “neat and clear”, and had negative correlation with “profound”, “heavy and thick”, “sober” and “calm”. Chroma had correlation with “showy” and negative with “sober”.
The influence of clear coating on image was investigated on the adjacent sliced specimens of veneer overlaid plywood (8 species) with the same figures. Clear coating gave gloss and also contrast of wood grain figure, and consequently “showy” and “” image increased but “elegant” and “fine” image decreased. In the case of species whose brightness value decreased by coating, “calm” image increased. Anisotropy of glossiness based on wood fiber direction was observed and the anisotropy did not disappear even if the specimen was clear-coated.

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This report is a study on the image of constructive styles in architecture. First, we classified the constructive styles of before-modern architecture into 6 items and one of modem architecture into 7 items on the composition, the materials and the form. 53 scenes (exterior) of all types in the classifications of the constructive styles were evaluated by 20 students with 50 rating scales. The process of verbal expression of the image includes some steps and lead from perception to valuation through sensation. 50 rating scales were selected as all types in that. Image factor analysis was applied the data and yielded 4 main factors, which are interpreted as hard-soft axis, friendly-indefferent axis, -simple axis and excellent-inferior axis. 2 axes of hard-soft and friendly-indifferent have much relation to the elements of the materials and the composition, -simple axis has much relation to the element of the form, and these 3 axes are leaded from the step of perception to the step of sensation of the image. Excellent-inferior axis values these 3 axes together. As mentioned above, the constructive styles can be interpreted as these 4 axes.

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The South Korean government is attempting to revive small supermarkets by branding them as ″Nadulgage.″ These efforts include support to change retail store signs; however, in reality, the government has only provided emblem designs thus far. Based on previous studies, this study reviews the current status and features of sign colors for both Nadulgage and convenience stores in the Jung-gu area. In addition, after analyzing color images using the Moon–Spencer Theory, PCCS tone chart and I.R.I Color Emotional Quotient as analysis tools, we compare the characteristics of Nadulgage and convenience stores and draw our implications. The colors of Nadulgage signs still display the characteristics of colors that were elucidated in previous research. Moreover, the dominant colors of Nadulgage signs have a higher ratio of colors belonging to the contrast area compared with those belonging to the other groups. This makes their impression confusing when compared with the impression of the colors of convenience store signs.
Therefore, reselection of the dominant colors that can portray the unique identity of a Nadulgage should be prioritized, and the color-matching relationship between dominant colors, assorted colors, and accent colors should be established in more detail. Thus, comparing Nadulgage and convenience stores may help in obtaining useful data.

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