Musical psychologists illustrated musical emotion with various numbers of dimensions ranging from two to eight. Most of them concentrated on classical music. Only a few researchers studied emotion in popular music, but the number of pieces they used was very small. In the present study, perceptual experiments were conducted using large sets of popular pieces. In Experiment 1, ten listeners rated musical emotion for 50 J-POP pieces using 17 SD scales. The results of factor analysis showed that the emotional space was constructed by three factors, ``evaluation,'' ``potency'' and ``activity.'' In Experiment 2, three musicians and eight non-musicians rated musical emotion for 169 popular pieces. The set of pieces included not only J-POP tunes but also Enka and western popular tunes. The listeners also rated the suitability for several listening situations. The results of factor analysis showed that the emotional space for the 169 pieces was spanned by the three factors, ``evaluation,'' ``potency'' and ``activity,'' again. The results of multiple-regression analyses suggested that the listeners like to listen to a ``beautiful'' tune with their lovers and a ``powerful'' and ``active'' tune in a situation where people were around them.

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本研究では,アイデンティティ確立の個人差要因が自伝的記憶の想起に及ぼす影響を意図的および無意図的想起の両事態から検討した。研究1では,313名を対象にアイデンティティ尺度(下山,1992)を実施するとともに,日誌法によって無意図的に想起される自伝的記憶の特性を評価させた。その結果アイデンティティ確立高群では,低群よりも重要でかつ感情喚起度が高く.鮮明な自伝的記憶が頻繁に想起されることがわかった。研究2では,114名を対象に研究1と同様のアイデンティティ尺度を用いて,意図的想起事態における実験を行った。その結果,研究1と同様の結果が示された。また,補足的な分析として,研究1と研究2を比較すると,意図的に想起された自伝的記憶は無意図に想起された自伝的記憶よりも鮮明でかつ重要であることが示された。これら一連の結果は,アイデンティティ確立度の個人差が自伝的記憶の想起に影響を及ぼす可能性を示唆している。全体的考察では,Conway & Pleydell-Pearce(2000)による自己-記憶システム(Self-memory system)による解釈が行われ,今後の課題について議論された。

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Various methods for music retrieval have been proposed. Recently, many researchers are tackling developing methods based on the relationship between music and feelings. In our previous psychological study, we found that there was a significant correlation between colors evoked from songs and colors evoked only from lyrics, and showed that the music retrieval system using lyrics could be developed. In this paper, we focus on the relationship among music, lyrics and colors, and propose a music retrieval method using colors as queries and analyzing lyrics. This method estimates colors evoked from songs by analyzing lyrics of the songs. On the first step of our method, words associated with colors are extracted from lyrics. We assumed two types of methods to extract words associated with colors. In the one of two methods, the words are extracted based on the result of a psychological experiment. In the other method, in addition to the words extracted based on the result of the psychological experiment, the words from corpora for the Latent Semantic Analysis are extracted. On the second step, colors evoked from the extracted words are compounded, and the compounded colors are regarded as those evoked from the song. On the last step, colors as queries are compared with colors estimated from lyrics, and the list of songs is presented based on similarities. We evaluated the two methods described above and found that the method based on the psychological experiment and corpora performed better than the method only based on the psychological experiment. As a result, we showed that the method using colors as queries and analyzing lyrics is effective for music retrieval.

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The Olympic theme songs (TOTS) play an essential role in providing dramatic effects for TV programs, as well as a legacy transmission to hand on to the new generation the excitement that sweeps through the nation during the worlds’greatest sports event. We investigated the origin of the Japanese Olympic theme music. In our study, three official theme musical compositions and the Olympic theme music employed by the Olympic broadcasters during the three Olympics held in Japan (Tokyo, Sapporo, Nagano) were included. We reviewed papers regarding the theme music for the Olympics and interviewed the composers of the official Olympic theme songs and the program producers of Olympic broadcasting channels. We found several common points between each TOTS. Firstly, all of the official theme songs were released more than a half a year before the Olympics opening ceremony. Furthermore, these songs were broadcast on the music programs of the Japanese national broadcasting station (NHK) of the games, such as “Minna no Uta (English title : Songs for Everyone)” and “NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen (English title : NHK Red and White Song Battle)”. Additionally, during these times the composition competitions of the theme compositions were held, and multiple artists participated in this competition and covered the theme compositions. On the other hand, TOTS of the news broadcasting was first introduced in 1988. In a quarter of the cases, the implementation of TOTS was linked to the employment of news casters, as they employed publicly well-known and experienced celebrities as both casters and performers of TOTS. It has been speculated that, since the private news broadcasters have fewer slots available to cover Olympic games compared to NHK, this was a measure taken to enhance the opportunity for TV appearances by engaging theme songs with Olympic coverage.

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近年ではWebを中心に，「うれC」や「かわE」など，言うならば「送りアルファベット」のように，語の一部をアルファベットに変えた特殊な書き方も現れている．これらは，一般的なローマ字の用い方から逸脱したものであり，従来の交ぜ書きや当て字，送り仮名とも異なるものである．そこで，本稿では，主として形容詞に見られるアルファベット交じりのそうした表記語を取り上げ，その表現効果を考察するとともに，ことば遊びにおけるスキーマ化や事例化などの認知的な枠組みを援用し，こうした表記法が生じる過程について考究した．

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本研究の目的は、「主体的・対話的な深い学び」を構築するために、創作活動においてウクレレを表現ツールとして活用する有効性を実践検証することである。第1学年で、コードネームとウクレレのコード演奏の仕方(主要三和音の C、F、G7)の知識を得て、この3コードを使ったメロディのコード進行の演奏を中心に Dm、D、Am のコード弾きを習得した上で、本研究内容である第2学年での創作活動を実施した。創作活動は、つくるプロセスを筆者が実演提示した後、「主体的」な学びの場面として、自分のコード進行をつくる活動を設定した。次に「対話的」な学びの場面として、少人数グループ活動で各自がつくったコード進行を持ち寄り、つなげたり、重ねたりし、コードに合うメロディも考え、曲の組み立てを話し合いながら合奏をつくる活動を設定した。検証結果は、創作作品の採譜による分析、授業観察と生徒が記述した授業の振り返りから検討した。その結果から、1ウクレレはギターに比べ安価で、大きさやナイロン弦である点、コードが押さえやすい点から音楽授業で扱いやすく、演奏と話し合いが同時にできる利点があること、2ウクレレは、実感を伴う理解が難しかった和音(コード)に実技を伴って親しむことができることからコード進行を使った創作が可能であること、3ウクレレを活用した創作活動は、個別活動後にグループ活動での取り組みによってより創意工夫のある活動となること、が明らかとなった。以上から、ウクレレを活用した創作活動は、「主体的・対話的な深い学び」を構築できる可能性が高いことがわかった。なお、本研究は、令和3(2021)年度科学研究費助成事業(科学研究費補助金)(奨励研究)課題番号 21H03933 を受けた。

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In the 1980s, Cairns and the Gold Coast became international tourist destinations as a result of massive foreign investment from Japan. Although previous research has elucidated this process with a focus on the activities of Japanese investors, it has overlooked the significance of Japanese workers who provide services to Japanese tourists. Attempting to correct this gap, this study examines the working and living situations of Japanese working holiday makers (WHMs) who work at a tourist facility near Cairns. In doing so, it attempts to shed light on their importance to, and conceptualize their roles in, Queensland's tourism industry. The author conducted fieldwork in Australia for this purpose. This included an interview survey of Japanese WHMs and participant observation of a tourist facility situated on the fringe of an area of tropical rainforest in the Cairns region which employs a number of Japanese WHMs. The data collected by means of this fieldwork produced the following findings: 1) Most Japanese WHMs worked at the facility for only a short period of time; they usually worked for about 1-4 months before moving on. 2) The Japanese WHMs were the main workers in the Japanese division of the facility. Without these workers, the facility would not be able to deal with visiting Japanese tourists. 3) The working and living conditions of the Japanese WHMs were relatively poor. Their duties were unskilled service-related jobs, their wages were low, and their dormitory was poorly equipped. 4) The Japanese WHMs did not protest to their employer about their conditions, but were attempting to improve their quality of life by means of a variety of cooperative efforts, such as creating original games, inventing new recipes, and obtaining informal compensation from their bosses. 5) The Japanese WHMs also tried to give a positive meaning to their experiences at the facility. They attempted to give meaning to their experiences by appropriating ideas and images which they regarded as useful and plausible. In total, these findings led to the conclusion that Japanese WHMs constitute a large pool of cheap, unskilled, temporary, flexible and obedient workers for Queensland's tourism industry. Employers are able to take advantage of their availability to lower labor costs, to deal with fluctuations in labor demand, and to recruit workers to provide services for Japanese tourists.

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