Japanese honewort (Cryptotaenia japonica) is consumed as a traditional vegetable and has medicinal applications. In Japan, C. japonica is mainly produced using hydroponic culture systems; however, damping-off is often caused by the adherence of pathogens to its seeds. Therefore, the use of sterile artificial seeds in hydroponic culture is likely to be effective for preventing disease. In this study, we established methods for stress-induced somatic embryogenesis and artificial seed production in Japanese honewort. Shoot apex explants from seedlings were treated with 0.7 M sucrose as a hyperosmotic stress for 3 or 6 weeks, and then transferred to stress-free conditions. Somatic embryos were formed after culture in stress-free conditions for 7 weeks. Stress-treated shoot apex explants that formed somatic embryos were cultured in Murashige and Skoog liquid medium with shaking. After 2 weeks of culture, approximately 800 somatic embryos were formed from each explant. Somatic embryos were formed continuously during 37 weeks under the same culture conditions. Thus, somatic embryogenesis was effectively induced in Japanese honewort via hyperosmotic stress, and embryogenic competence was maintained under stress- and phytohormone-free conditions. The somatic embryos produced by liquid culture were used to produce artificial seeds by enveloping the embryos in whipped alginate gel to avoid hypoxic conditions. The artificial seeds had a high germination rate (72%). This system is suitable for the sterile, highly productive hydroponic culture of Japanese honewort.

Aim: This original oral history research explores the motivation for, and experience of, humanitarian nursing. It demonstrates nursing’s role in relief work, offering a unique record of such remarkable nursing contributions in the late 20th and early 21st century. The formation of modern nursing is often associated with times of conflict, such as the Crimea and other wars, where nurses offered their services. This research adds understanding to the continuing attraction of such work and its place in nursing history and practice.

Methods: Following ethical approval, oral histories were recorded with seven nurses who worked for Médecins Sans Frontières during this period. Analysis used the Listening Guide, a feminist approach employing four related readings of the data.

Results: The histories of these nurses locate their extraordinary experiences within their life and identity as nurses; escapism and moral outrage, combined with a love of travel and thirst for adventure, influenced their decision to undertake humanitarian work. Once on a mission, their narrative captures the contrast between the ordinary and the extraordinary; familiar routine experiences side by side with mortal danger. Returning to normal life required resilience and a reappraisal of their life story in order to locate their experiences, finding meaning and peace in their post-mission world. An overarching theme of ‘dreams’ includes romance, nightmares and impossible dreams.

Conclusion: At a time of debate and challenge regarding the role and identity of nursing within society, this research records and analyses the oral histories of nurses working with Médecins Sans Frontières at this time.

El verbo español ir y el inglés go son similares o incluso correspondientes, siendo verbos de movimiento neutros. Además, tienen en común su uso como verbos semicopulativos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo central analizar contrastivamente sus usos semicopulativos y aclarar tanto su similitud su diferencia. Para ello, analizaremos cuantitativamente colocaciones de tipo “ir/go + complemento predicativo” y especificaremos su tipicidad de uso. A través de este análisis, hemos confirmado que son verbos totalmente distintos tanto en su aspecto como en su modalidad. Según el análisis, ir, como semicopulativo, es estativo, sin modalidad especial y tiene un uso especializado al combinarse con atributos que denotan direcciones e interpretaciones concomitantes. Por otro lado, la función principal de go es denotar cambios indeseados de lo que se infiere que es un semicopulativo télico y modalmente marcado.

本稿では，沖縄語や日本語の音韻現象を扱うにあたって，阻害性鼻音‘obstruent nasals’と鳴音性鼻音‘sonorant nasals’とを区別する必要性を論じている。前者の基底形は［＋鼻音，－継続性］で，後者は［＋鼻音］のみで表示され，音韻的にまず区別される。同一系統関係にある両言語においては，h音が別の子音と重なる際には*hhではなく，ppかmpのみが許容されるとか，有声子音の前では同一調音点をもつ鼻音しか許容されないという，子音結合上の制約がある。この種の制約による調整を経て，阻害性鼻音は［＋鼻音，－継続性，＋有声］と再表示され音韻規則の適用を受けるが，鳴音性鼻の有声性という普遍性から導かれるという立場が展開されている。沖縄語においては，阻害性鼻音は後続子音の有声化の引き金となったり，それ自体が消去されたり，有声阻害音結合から阻害性鼻音を派生する規則の適用を受けるが，鳴音性鼻音は有声化，消去，有声阻害音結合からの派生のいずれとも関わらない。日本語でも，大和系形態素の末尾（例，動詞語根yom）や，その他の大和系形態素の中腹（例，tombo）で阻害性鼻音が生起し，有声化の引き金となったり（例，/yom+ta/からyon+da「読んだ」），有声阻害音結合から規則的に派生されたりする（例，/yob+ta/からyob+daを経てyon+da「呼んだ」）。一方，漢語系形態素の末尾（例，han+tai「反対」）では鳴音性鼻音が生起し，原則として後続子音の有声化には関わらない。この鼻音二型の区別がなされてはじめて，沖縄語や日本語の音韻特性の説明において有意義な一般化が果たされると論じている。

本稿では「日本語史における動詞の意味構造と項の具現化」という共同研究プロジェクトの概要とそのプロジェクトから得られた研究の成果を紹介する。このプロジェクトの一環として，上代から室町時代までの日本語文献に依拠した言語コーパスを開発中である。形態素から統語のレヴェルまでの情報をコード化したこのコーパスを利用して行った，上代日本語の複合動詞（V1＋V2複合語）に関する分析の結果を紹介する。まず補助動詞の特徴を明らかにするため，V1とV2との意味関係が薄い複合動詞を「非語彙的複合動詞」（non-lexical compound）と定め，そういった複合動詞の単語完結性と他動性の調和を調べた。この結果，非語彙的複合動詞のV2の結合と分布に幾つかの特徴的パターンを見出した。次に，出現頻度の高い動詞「思ふ」が孤立した動詞の形でどのような項を取るかを調べ，V1を「思ふ」とする複合動詞が取る項と比較した。この分析により，［思ふ＋V2］が文節を項として取ることが著しく少ないという興味深い結果が得られた。