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  • 佐藤 皓也
    武道学研究
    論文ID: 2311
    発行日: 2023年
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/11/08
    ジャーナル フリー 早期公開

    The purpose of this paper is to investigate the trends in the student kendo world since the Meiji period in the Kanto region, especially in the former First Higher School (hereafter,

    Ichiko
    -the former higher schools are abbreviated in the same manner). The aim is to clarify the genealogy of spirituality in a self-refereeing system (mukensho). The materials were mainly those from
    Ichiko
    , but also those related to Second Higher School, Gakushuin and Tokyo Imperial University (hereafter, Teidai).

    The All Japan Kendo Federation (AJKF) established the “Concept of Kendo” in 1975. As will be discussed below, one of the indirect influences on this philosophy is the method of practice at

    Ichiko
    in Tokyo, Japan.
    Ichiko
    was one of the higher middle schools under the old school system, which was started by the Higher Middle School Ordinance after the Meiji Restoration. It advocated “mukensho”, matches in which contestants judged each other without a referee. Since 1897, the student kendo community in western Japan developed rules and a referee system to promote kendo as a competitive sport, but
    Ichiko
    is different from these trends. Although there is no academic research focusing on the
    Ichiko
    Gekken (Kendo) Club, its history has been partially clarified in memorials and other publications. Therefore, this paper describes its history based on the results of previous studies.

    The

    Ichiko
    Gekken Club was born in the third decade (1887-1897) of the Meiji period. Shionoya Tokitoshi (a teacher at
    Ichiko
    and a Hokushin Itto-ryu expert), the club president, forbade disrespectful behavior and a sense of triumph and instead formed respect for one’s own personality (sense of self-respect) and dignity in the club. In the fifth decade of the Meiji period, the club members expressed dissatisfaction with matches. Knowing this, Shionoya proposed mukensho and introduced it experimentally in the
    Ichiko
    competitions. Students in this period had a common understanding of kendo as the spiritual basis of character formation, and this understanding became the ground for accepting mukensho. The mukensho-like concept can already be seen in training and matches since the middle of the Edo period.

    The purpose of the mukensho that Shionoya taught was to develop a person’s character to be able to lead the nation, and specifically, to cultivate a spirit of “brave and unyielding” as well as “honesty and courtesy”. It is also suggested that Shionoya may have used mukensho to judge a valid strike by himself, and furthermore, that he may have considered learning how to judge a win before striking (katte-utsu - striking after winning). In addition to cultivating spirituality, Shionoya also saw in mukensho a technical view that was invisible to third-party judgment.

    (View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

  • YASUSHI MIYAMOTO, TADATOSHI
    ICHIKO
    Phosphorus Research Bulletin
    1996年 6 巻 305-308
    発行日: 1996年
    公開日: 2012/10/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    We manufactured the HAp-Ti composite material used Ag-Pd alloy as a binder metal. Pd in an Ag-Pd alloy was diffused into a Ti rod, and an Ag, Ag-Pd alloy and HAp stayed on the surface of a Ti rod. The bonding strength between an Ag-Pd alloy and a Ti rod was enough strength. We concluded that the HAp-Ti composite material was useful for an implant material because of its bioactivity by HAp and high strength by Ti.
  • TADATOSHI
    ICHIKO
    , YASUSHI MIYAMOTO, KAZUO YANAGIHARA
    Phosphorus Research Bulletin
    1995年 5 巻 53-58
    発行日: 1995年
    公開日: 2012/10/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to develop a biomaterial which has a hopeful bio-activity and a high mechanical strength, we tried to manufacture a composite material of hydroxyapatite(HAp) and titanium (Ti). Mixed powders of HAp and Ti were coated to a surface of Ti rod as a base metal. This composite material was fired by a high-frequency furnace. We observed that a coated layer of a mixture of HAp and Ti was joined closely to a surface of Ti rod. By electron probe microanalysis, we also recognized a density of Ca increased and that of Ti decreased from a contact area to a surface in a coated layer of a mixture of HAp and Ti.
  • 綿貫 慶徳
    スポーツ史研究
    2001年 14 巻 39-53
    発行日: 2001/02/20
    公開日: 2017/03/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to clarify how baseball events sponsored by newspaper companies have changed as way of sales promotion to aim at the course from amateur baseball events sponsored by Osaka-Asahi, Osaka-Mainichi to professional baseball events sponsored by Yomiuri. This study gives the following findings. 1.By Taisho age(1912〜1926), the terms for holding baseball event, for example, the spread and progress of baseball, commercialization of the press, appearence of mass society, progress of railroad line development projected by railway corporations, were prepared. 2.Osaka-Asahi and Osaka-Mainichi held amateur baseball events each other with same idea that was
    Ichiko
    -baseball thinking much of winning spiritualism and collective principle.But when each company concentrated on sales promotion harder and harder, that was reflected in their amateur baseball events and it became more and more difficult for each company to embody
    Ichiko
    -baseball.And the situation made a foundation to realize professional baseball. 3.In 1924, Matsutaro Shoriki took president′s post with Yomiuri.Shoriki made Yomiuri rapid progress with business strategy that integrate event news sales and advertisemennt.Shoriki made an effort to establish not only Tokyo Giants but Professional Baseball League.This business strategy was demonstrated by baseball events especially.So it is not too much to say that professional baseball was like a Yomiuri′s possession.Yomiuri also held professional baseball events to embody
    Ichiko
    -baseball.Though Osaka-Asahi and Osaka-Mainichi had
    Ichiko
    -baseball ideal, finally they held professional baseball events in 1937.as mentioned above, I could clarify that newspaper companies have held baseball events for sales promotion.
  • --イタコと類似者との比較--
    中村 民男
    順天堂医学
    1961年 7 巻 Supplement2 号 872-900
    発行日: 1961/09/10
    公開日: 2014/11/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    (1) Succeeding the preceding report, the shermans (Itako or
    Ichiko
    and Kamisama) in Aomori Prefecture were social psychiatrically studied. (2) Their distribution is actually surveied. (3) Their age, school career, marital status and family structure are actually studied. (4) Their physical and mental status are individually investigated. (5) About all researched items Itakos are compared with Kamisamas. (6) Supplementally. 7case histories of ltako and Kamisama are discribed.
  • F. Yamashita, Y. Sasaki, H. Fukunaga
    日本応用磁気学会誌
    2001年 25 巻 4_2 号 683-686
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2007/02/02
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    Magnets prepared from Nd-Fe-B based melt-spun powder, using a powder compacting press, have not been applied to thin arc-shaped magnets for small magnet motors up to now. We developed new techniques to prepare a granular compound with epoxy resin binder and to press it into arc-shaped segments with Ti- and C-ion-implanted upper and lower punches. Using these techniques, we made thin arc-shaped rare-earth bonded magnets (maximum thickness of 0.9 mm) for small magnet motors whose output power was less than 1 W. Both high motor efficiency and high mechanical output power were obtained for magnet made by the powder compacting press, compared with magnet made by the extrusion molding.
  • 大正教養派を中心に
    鈴木 康史
    体育・スポーツ哲学研究
    1999年 21 巻 1 号 9-29
    発行日: 1999年
    公開日: 2010/04/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper is intended to reconsider the relation between sports and culture. The question here is “how sports were excluded from the concept of culture.” Most studies around this topic have been made on the basis of the cultural philosophy. But this paper takes a different path, i. e. historical approach, to shed light on the hidden history of the introduction of the “Kultur” theory and the exclusion of sports in Modern Japan.
    The history began at
    Ichiko
    (The First Higher School) in the 20s of the Meiji era, when “Undou” (literally “physical activity, ” often used to mean sports and athletics) was regarded as the symbol of “nationalism” and “school spirit”. A group of individualistic young elite, later called “The Taisho-Kyouyou-Ha (The Taisho Humanists School)” opposed the traditional “athletic school spirit” and a harsh debate between nationalists and humanists was unfolded on the latter half of the 30s of the Meiji era.
    Those young humanists, who entered Tokyo Imperial University and grew up to be promised philosophers, established their introspective philosophy of Bunjaku (a manner characterized by loving literature and physical weakness) and had a great influence on the manner of following young people. Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, founded by Shigeo Iwanami, a comrade of
    Ichiko
    Humanists Circle, took an important role as a prominent media in broadening and reproducing this Bunjaku manner. As a result, anti-sport philosophy was broadly formed among their following generations.
    On top of the written above, “The Taisho-Kyouyou-Ha” played another key role in introducing German philosophy of “Kultur”. They formed the new framework of “Bunka (first Kultur)” under the influence of Bunjaku philosophy, so the concept “Bunka (later culture)” literally means “to make literate” and sports was excluded from the concept.
    In this way the common idea was formed in Modern Japan: culture without sports.
  • Takashi Nara
    Niigata Journal of Health and Welfare
    2023年 22 巻 2 号 63-68
    発行日: 2023年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー HTML

    Humans, standing up about seven million years ago, have evolved independently by freeing their hands. However, many physical inconveniences, called negative legacies, are caused by the physical structure of modern humans. This review focuses on the structural causes of dystocia and how people respond to it.

  • Naoya HAMADA, Osami
    ICHIKO
    , Hiromu SOGA
    計測自動制御学会論文集
    1987年 23 巻 5 号 512-516
    発行日: 1987/05/30
    公開日: 2009/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    A three-dimensional heat conduction model for laser material processings was developed using the finite difference method. The model was represented in a moving slab which was divided into several unequal volume elements, where stationary continuous wave laser beam interacts with a surface of the slab. The model could evaluate a key-hole effect in a laser welding process. Typical four kinds of converged laser beam profile were considered in the model because laser beam profile has critical influence of laser processing characteristics. In order to verify the validity of the model, outputs were compared with the analytical solution of Jaeger. To show more practical applicability, laser surface hardening and laser welding experiments were conducted using 15kW continuous wave CO2 laser. This experimental results were compared with the model outputs, and good agreement was obtained.
  • Mayumi SAKAMOTO, Miwa KURI, Masato IGUCHI, Norio MAKI, Taro
    ICHIKO
    , Naoya SEKIYA, Hideyuki KOBAYASHI
    Journal of Natural Disaster Science
    2016年 37 巻 2 号 105-117
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2018/12/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study analyzes the effectiveness of a disaster management plan and the problems encountered in its implementation, focusing on patterns of interaction between government and society in terms of disaster governance. Scholars in socio-political science point out that there has been a shift in the balance between government and society, from the public sector to the private sector as different sectors interact to solve problems. This study analyzes patterns of interaction and illustrates factors that influence the shift by examining the formulation and implementation process of an evacuation plan in the case of a volcanic eruption of Mount Shindake on Kuchinoerabujima Island, Japan. Mount Shindake explosively erupted on May 29, 2015. Immediately after observing the eruption, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) issued a volcanic alert “level five (evacuate),” the highest level. It was the first time that evacuation operations have been performed under such a high warning level. Although there were no official short-term warnings prior to the eruption, all people on the island evacuated safely. As a result of the study, we found that disaster governance had shifted from government-led to government and community collaboration after the volcanic eruption on August 3, 2014, which made the evacuation plan more effective.
  • 高杉 美佳子, 中倉 真由美, 三木 民子, 大下 市子, 島田 和子
    日本調理科学会大会研究発表要旨集
    2002年 14 巻
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2003/04/02
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    煮豆操作での浸漬液と蒸煮液の違いによるイソフラボンとオリゴ糖の含量、組成の変動について検討した。蒸煮液pHの検討では、各蒸煮大豆のイソフラボン総量は生大豆に比べて約40%、オリゴ糖総量は約50%減少した。蒸煮によりイソフラボンのマロニル型は減少し、グリコシル型とアグリコンは増加した。しかし、いずれにおいても蒸煮液pHによる差はなかった。浸漬·蒸煮液の検討では、各浸漬·蒸煮液で蒸煮するとイソフラボン総量は減少したが、蒸留水に比べて食塩水と重曹水の方が豆中のイソフラボン残存量は多かった。食塩水浸漬·蒸煮は、蒸留水及び重曹水での浸漬·蒸煮に比べて豆中のオリゴ糖残存量が多かった。食塩水のこのような効果は浸漬段階ではなく、蒸煮段階で生じることも認められた。
  • 世田谷太子堂地区を対象に
    *市古 太郎, 権 昌希
    都市計画論文集
    2002年 37 巻 2_1-I
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2002/10/29
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    建物間の距離である隣棟間隔は日照や延焼という点から,都市計画技術上重要な指標である.しかしこれまで,斉藤(1999)のスタディがあるものの,図上手動でしか計測する方法が確立されていなかったと言ってよい.そこで本論では,第1にGISデータを用いて建物が隣合う「近接関係」を3パターン定義し,計算幾何学の定石を用いて計測するアルゴリズムを開発した.次に算定した近接指標の統計的特性を分析し,建ぺい率とは相関関係が弱いことを明らかにした.第3に市街地空間と近接指標との対応関係を探索的に把握し,近接指標がどのように空間を測度化しているか検討を行った. 以上の結果から,本論で定義した近接指標は,建築面積,建ぺい率といったこれまで用いられてきた指標とは相関関係が弱く,市街地の空地配置および街路施設との関係を測度化しているという意味で都市計画技術上,重要な指標となりうる可能性に言及した.
  • 清水 以知子
    地質学雑誌
    1988年 94 巻 8 号 609-628_2
    発行日: 1988/08/15
    公開日: 2008/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 吉見 毅彦, 小谷 克則, 九津見 毅, 佐田 いち子, 井佐原 均
    自然言語処理
    2010年 17 巻 1 号 1_7-1_28
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2011/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    本稿では,人間による翻訳(人間訳)と機械翻訳システムによる翻訳(システム訳)を訓練事例とした機械学習によって構築した識別器を用いてシステム訳の流暢さを自動評価する手法について述べる.提案手法では,人間訳とシステム訳の流暢さの違いを表わす手がかりとして,逐語訳(原文と翻訳文での単語同士の対応)に着目した.人間訳とシステム訳における逐語訳の違いを捉えるために,原文と人間訳との間,および原文とシステム訳との間で単語対応付けを行ない,その結果を機械学習のための素性とする.提案手法は,識別器を構築する際に対訳コーパスを必要とするが,評価対象のシステム訳の流暢さを評価する際には参照訳を必要としない.さらに,大量の訓練事例に人手で流暢さの評価値を付与する必要もない.検証実験の結果,提案手法によってシステムレベルでの自動評価が可能であることが示唆された.また,サポートベクターマシンによる機械学習で各素性に付与される重みに基づいてシステム訳に特徴的な素性を特定できるため,このような素性を含む文を観察することによって文レベルでのシステム訳の特徴分析を行なうこともできる.
  • ─コンソーシアムの立場から
    安達 淳
    学術の動向
    2017年 22 巻 9 号 9_60-9_65
    発行日: 2017/09/01
    公開日: 2018/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 大学図書館研究編集委員会
    大学図書館研究
    1977年 11 巻 9
    発行日: 1977/10/20
    公開日: 2019/02/08
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
  • *稲垣 瑠奈, 中野 優子, 平野 啓太, 風見 由香利, 望月 寛子, 平垣内 一子, 富 研一, 佐藤 亮太郎, 齋藤 努, 佐藤 瑶子, 早川 文代
    日本調理科学会大会研究発表要旨集
    2023年 34 巻 2D-5
    発行日: 2023年
    公開日: 2023/09/09
    会議録・要旨集 フリー

    【目的】濃厚感は複合的な感覚であるため,様々な要因によって変動しうる。さらに,濃厚感の判断基準には個人差があると予想される。本研究では,とんこつラーメンスープを試料として濃厚感の変動要因の抽出を目的とした。

    【方法】動物性・植物性のとんこつラーメンスープ33試料について分析型官能評価に慣れたパネル5~7名の言葉出しによる官能評価用語の収集を行った。コレスポンデンス分析,クラスター分析により評価用語および試料を分類した。これらと用語の出現頻度に基づき,33語,12試料を選定し,分析型パネル7名による官能評価を行った。また,嗜好型パネル34名に対して4試料の嗜好型官能評価と生活習慣や食嗜好等に関するアンケート調査を行った。結果に対して相関分析,応答曲面モデルを用いたマッピング,クラスター分析,フィッシャーの直接確率検定を行い,濃厚感の変動要因を抽出した。

    【結果】分析型官能評価の結果を用いて濃厚感の応答曲面モデルを作成し,試料と官能特性との関係をマッピングした。その結果,とんこつラーメンスープの濃厚感は豚肉の風味,獣臭,油脂感等の動物性原材料由来の官能特性によって主に決定づけられること,香味野菜の香りや風味も濃厚感を変動させることが示唆された。 嗜好型官能評価における濃厚感の評価傾向からパネルを4つのクラスターに分け,アンケート調査の結果と合わせて各クラスターの特徴を解釈した。こってりしたラーメンを好む人が多いクラスターでは動物性,植物性によらず,クリーミーな試料の濃厚感を高く評価することが示された。さらに,日常的に強い甘味を好む人は,甘味が弱い試料の濃厚感を低く評価したことから,甘味への嗜好が濃厚感の評価に関与することが推察された。

  • *清水 以知子
    日本鉱物科学会年会講演要旨集
    2011年 2011 巻 T4-04
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2012/03/28
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    動的再結晶粒径についての核生成ー成長モデル (Shimizu, 1998, 2008) に,界面エネルギーの効果を取り入れたモデルを提案する.改良モデルによる計算結果は石英についての実験結果をよく再現する.
  • Ichiko
    INAGAKI, Dian Sisinggih, Sri Wahyuni, Ratih Indri Hapsari, Kengo SUNADA
    土木学会論文集B1(水工学)
    2014年 70 巻 4 号 I_1645
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2015/05/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    This manuscript in Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser.B1 (Hydraulic Engineering), Vol. 68, No. 4, I_103-I_108, 2012 was withdrawn by the Editor on October 3, 2013 at the request of the authors.
  • *Keem Taeho, Gonda Satoshi, Huang Qiangxian, Misumi
    Ichiko
    , Kurosawa Tomizo
    精密工学会学術講演会講演論文集
    2003年 2003A 巻 B68
    発行日: 2003/10/02
    公開日: 2005/03/01
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    A homodyne interferometer with quadrature detector systems has a cyclic error that restricts accuracy and resolution in a nanometrology regime. In this short paper, we discuss the method of successfully reducing the cyclic error caused by the imperfections of optical components such as polarizing beam splitters and wave plates by means of adjusting the gains of detectors. Most polarizing beam splitters exhibit some loss and not perfect extinction ratio. We show that the cyclic error can be reduced to the order of 0.01 nm when the detector gains for the transmitted and reflected beams of a polarizing beam splitter are adjusted to be specifically related to each other.
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