The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between school-phobia and anger among junior high school students. In a pilot test, 30 items were identified as being related to school phobia, and the School Phobia Feelings Scale was constructed using these items. Results of Study I using this scale indicated that school phobia could be explained by three factors: laziness, , and peer relationships (n=442). Moreover, feelings related to school phobia in girls were unrelated to grade level. In Study 2, an Anger Scale measuring anger in junior high school students in the areas of hostility, excitement, and physiological reactions was developed. The relationship between school phobia and anger was explored using these two scales. The results indicated (1) an increase in school phobia resulted in parents becoming an object of anger, and (2) problems with peer relationships increased levels of reported anger.

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 We investigated the factorial concept and features of Japanese elementary and junior high school students' inferiority complexes in relation to physical education. Fifth and sixth graders (n=341) and junior high school students (n=336) completed 3 questionnaires: one created for this study and consisting of questions regarding inferiority complexes in relation to physical education; another made up of stress cognitive appraisal questions (Suzuki and Sakano, 1998); and a third relating to perceived competence in school life and self-esteem (Sakurai, 1992; Sakurai and Matsui, 2007).
 Factor analysis revealed 2 concepts, namely “complex focused on motor skills” (C-MS) and “complex focused on psychosocial and physical factors causing feelings of inferiority to develop into an ” (C-PPF). Two-way analysis of variance revealed that female elementary and junior high school students were more likely than males to have a C-MS, and that male junior high school students were more likely than male elementary students to have a C-PPF. Correlation analysis revealed that hating to participate in physical activities, play sports, and attend physical education classes was strongly correlated with having an in relation to physical education. Multiple regression analysis showed that psychosocial development around the time of puberty influenced the relationship between self-competence and the presence of an . It also influenced the relationship between cognitive appraisal of the perceived threat or impact of inability to fulfill physical education assignments and the presence of an . These results suggest that in order to recognize inferiority complexes in relation to physical education, it is important to consider the diversity of students' focuses on their inferiority complexes and to make allowances for their states of psychosocial development.

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This study purported to analyze and clarify factors that cause interpersonal stress, conflicts, and dislocation in adolescence. Study I identified three categories of interpersonal stress: (1) interpersonal conflict, (2) interpersonal , and (3) interpersonal dislocation. Study II examined correlations between personality trait scales and these three categories. These correlations were analyzed according to stressfulness and frequency of events. As a result, validity of the three categories was supported, and it was suggested that different strategies were necessary for intervention in order to reduce the impact of stress.

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In 1946 Richard Wright, a black American, went to France and wrote a book entitled "The Outsider" and published it in 1953. This book was one of his main works in his life but, strange as it may seem, this book did not give him a fame in America particularly as it should when compared with his other works such as "Native Son' and others. This is probably because in "The Outsider" he dealt too many cases of murderous affairs. In the light of the above facts I tried to grasp and show with a method of Psychoanalysis some phases of the high spots of Richard Wright's personal character as a black American writer.

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Private self-consciousness is classified into self-rumination and self-reflection according to its motivation. Self-rumination is considered maladaptive while self-reflection is considered adaptive for mental health. This study examined which kinds of interpersonal stress events affect self-rumination and self-reflection. We conducted a longitudinal study with undergraduate students. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the level of self-rumination was increased by events which relate to an . The levels of self-reflection were not affected by any kind of events. This result suggests that interventions for could be effective for reducing the level of self-rumination.

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In recent years, a substantial number of leprosy patients have been rehabilitated to Society from the hospital, due to the fact that it is now possible to arrest the disease, and then, to give orthopedic treatment for disturbance of function and malformation of extremities. However, social rehabilitation involves many difficulties peculiar to this ldisease.
Let me report on our research of rehabilitation of patients in the National Leprosarium Kikuchi Keifu-en. First, in regard to the number of patients studied, 168 patients were rehabilitated to society from the Leprosarium between the years 1956 and 1961, especially after 1959.
The disfunction and malformation of the extremities begins with paralysis and follows the pathological changes of leprosy.
We must start physical therapy as soon as possible, as the prevention and treatment of this condition. But, if we do not get satisfactory results from this therapy, we must use surgical procedures, for example, tendon-transfer, hinter arthrolysis and so on.
Not only to know the condition of muscles, bones and joints, but also to understand the daily living requirements of the individual person is a very important surgical consideration. If we do not investigate these conditions, we can not achieve satisfactory function for daily life.
The improvement of function of the hand is the most important in making daily life easier.
The findings of rentgengram of amputated leg are very important for the application of prothesis, because of rescorption, atrophy and addition of bone.
The fixed drop lip due to the paralysis of the facial nerve may be treated by surgery, for example, rhytidectomy, Z-plastic, transplantation of fascia and transfer of muscle. Especially, the transfer of m. masseter or m. temporalis is useful for improvement of function of the lip, since there are no pathological changes in electromyogram of these muscles.
The problem of personality in leprosy is very important for social recovery, the same as in the case of crippledness. The observation of personality tells us that the patients are very different compared with healthy persons in regard to somatic .
1) They have somatic even without the malformation or disfunction of extremities. 2) They have deep with cosmetic difficulties in the face. 3)Child patients have no somatic , in spite of severe disfunction of extremities.Conclusions
I) The morbid condition of the patient, which impedes social recovery, must be treated not only somatically, but psychologically.
a) Comprehensive staff and equipment for rehabilitation must be secured.
b) The patient's motivation to fight against the disease must be improved.
c) Disorder of extremities in childhood should be treated as soon as possible.
II) Society must be orientated to accept patients so that their social recovery is possible.
a) Correct understanding of the disease.
b) Improvement of equipment for daily life.

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Recent studies in psyhcolinguistics and sociolinguistics have suggested that there is a significant relationship between the academic achievement made by students learning a foreign language and their attitudes toward the people and the culture of the country where that language is spoken, This paper will attempt a comprehensive survey based on the results of the questionnaire answered by 117 Japanese and 104 Korean university students majoring in English. The purpose of the study will be to look into and account for the possible similarities and dissimilarities demonstrated by the two national groups. The thirty questions that were included in the questionnaire were concerned about: (A) students' interest in and understanding of English-speaking peoples and their cultures; (B) their attitudes toward English-speaking peoples, and (C) their interest and personal involvement in English studies.

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This study evaluates the psychological effects in female patients who underwent orthognathic surgery of mandibular prognathism.
Twenty-nine untreated and 28 post-operative female patients were selected as the Pre-Operative Group (Pre Op.) and the Post-Operative Group (Post Op.) respectively.
In order to compare these two groups, the Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory and a questionnaire specially designed for this study were used. The questionnaire was composed of 20 items concerning facial esthetics and oral functions. Each answer being accompanied by a 7-point response scale was statistically analyzed by factor analysis.
As the results of this questionnaire, 6 factors were extracted. In both the second factor ( about facial profiles) and the third one ( about tooth alignment), the factor scores of the Post Op. were significantly lower than those of the Pre Op.
The results of the Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory showed that the Post Op. had relatively less Depression (D) and Nervousness (N), and conversely greater Cooperativeness (Co) than the Pre Op.
Since the inferiority derived from unesthetic facial profiles and malocclusions was dramatically improved in the post operative stage, it could be concluded that the orthognathic surgery greatly contributed to acquirve the emotional stabilization and the social adaptation for female mandibular prognathic patients.

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Background Pediatric chronic renal disease only shows abnormal values in a urinalysis in the initial stage, and subjective signs and symptoms are rare. If adolescents with chronic renal disease face a disease crisis combined with the usual developmental crisis, this may cause psychosocial maladaptation. We analyzed psychosocial adaptation in Japanese children with chronic renal disease in order to identify factors influencing healthy adaptation.

Methods Ten children and adult patients with chronic kidney disease attending Tottori University Hospital, Japan in 2016 participated in a semi-structured interview (a modified version of the grounded theory approach) comprising questions about episodes since disease onset and thoughts/feelings at onset.

Results Twenty-four concepts extracted from the data were sorted into 5 categories. These concepts and categories were expanded on an orthogonal axis with time and self-esteem in order to establish an adaptation model for children with chronic kidney disease. Category names are as follows. (Cat. 1: Emotional impact on being informed of disease, Cat. 2: Social challenges of treatment and resulting identity diffusion, Cat. 3: Emotional conflict on school return, Cat. 4: Resilience and related factors, Cat. 5: Re-establishment of identity).

Conclusion Since pediatric chronic renal disease has few manifestations, it is difficult for patients to accept. Children facing a chronic disease crisis plus adolescent developmental crisis may show identity diffusion. In order for children to re-establish their identity and adapt to society, factors supporting resilience are important. Key factors include school life, interactions with friends, counseling by adult mentors and family acceptance. Healthcare professionals need to provide age-appropriate information on renal disease and support patients.

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Tennessee Williams (1911-83) made his debut as a dramatist with The Glass Menagerie (1944). His next drama, A Streetcar Named Desire (1947), won several prizes including Pulitzer Prize, the New York Drama Critics' Award. His third drama, Summer and Smoke (1948), made its debut on Broadway, but was not so well received, and Williams had to rewrite it. In 1952, however, Summer and Smoke was warmly received by audiences and critics off-Broadway.
Most of the protagonists who appear in his dramas and short stories are women. This is presumably related to the facts that he is a homosexual and that he plays the role of a female. Reading his autobiography, Memoirs, helps us to understand why he came to describe women' s mentality. Memoirs was written by using the method of “free-association”. When Williams confessed in Memoirs that when he made love with a man as a homosexual, “I would always go into my shaking leaf bit..” In Conversations with Tennessee Williams, Williams says that “women have always been my deepest emotional root”. This remark suggests that Williams discovered women's mentality in him. Williams admits that his writings are forms of psychotherapy, and as such they bring to light much of his tormented personality. Most of his themes grew emotionally, as well as organically, from his own experiences.
The aim of this paper is to study the psychological development of William's protagonists by using psychoanalytical methods on several of his works: The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar Named Desire, and Summer and Smoke. Signi Lenea Falk treated these plays as a series, and Laura Wingfield, Blanche Dubois, and Alma Winemiller were defined as “portraits of southern gentlewomen.” Falk pointed out community among these characters, but didn't study in detail the mentalities of the protagonists. This paper investigates the process of the shifting of three female protagonists' libidos that are fixed either to “a spiritual bond, ” or “a material bond, ” or to both. They all want to attain the ideal love. Laura Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie was developed into Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire, and Blanche DuBois in turn into Alma Winemiller in Summer and Smoke. This paper also tries to clarify a pattern of causal relation between protagonists' libidos and their morals about love.

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This paper examines the effort of activity of helping Japanese learners to Japanese persons living in Vienna who participated Japanese language classes as "Japanese Language Volunteers" in University of Vienna, Austria from 1997 to 1998. Psychological change of volunteers are analyzed. The analysis revealed the following results: (1)There is change of their confidence in Japanese language; (2)There is reduction in stress or " " about their own behavior as Japanese students in Vienna; (3)They believed that they got co-ordinate relation with students through co-teaching their native languages.

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In the present study, the student life questionnaire was made by using the personnel exchange between Colleges of technology , and the student's life was investigated.This research investigate about Dormitory life, Belonging of club, Lack of physical activity, Meal, Tiredness, Body symptom, Mental symptom, Confidence, , Motivation, Participation in class, Study understanding, Study interest, Compatibility, Bullying and Harassment.This student life questionnaire is effective to understand student's realities over student's all aspects of life and is useful for use by the homeroom and school events.

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