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のDivision 2に所属するサッカーチームで発生した傷害（外傷と障害）の実態を調査し，その結果を傷害予防の一助とすることを目的とした．〔対象と方法〕対象は2017年から2018年に所属した選手57名で，傷害発生率，受傷状況，傷害のタイプ，受傷部位，重症度を調査した．〔結果〕2シーズンの傷害発生件数は83件であった．練習中の傷害発生率は3.1/1000 phで試合中は10.8/1000 phであった．下肢の傷害が全体の92.8％で，最も多い傷害部位は大腿部であり，筋損傷が多かった．競技復帰までの日数はsevere（29日以上）が最も多かった．〔結語〕サッカー競技において下肢の傷害予防は必須であり，特に選手特性に応じた個別の予防プログラムを確立するだけでなく，競技復帰までの基準を明確化する必要性が示唆された．

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　スポーツ観戦者は、スポーツ観戦から得られる心理的・感覚的価値を感じることを観戦の目的のひとつにしている。しかし、障害を持つ観戦者は、こうした価値を十分に感じることができていない。その原因のひとつに観戦の中核的・周辺的要素へのアクセスの制限が指摘されている。そこで本研究では、車椅子を使用する観戦者（車椅子観戦者）の観戦環境の現状を明らかにするために、そのひとつの要素であるチケット購入過程に着目して調査することにした。その目的を達成するために、まず、

５試合を対象にフィールド調査を実施し、車椅子観戦者が、チケット購入過程で生じる課題（８項目）を抽出した。そして、2017年J１交付40クラブを対象に、各クラブ公式HPとチケット販売会社HPから情報を収集し、８項目について車椅子観戦者と車椅子を使用しない観戦者をコントロール群として比較した。その結果、前売りチケット購入方法数においては、車椅子観戦者は、１クラブあたり平均5.63±7.33パターンに対して車椅子を使用しない観戦者は、平均16.63±4.32パターンであることが明らかになった。これらの結果をもとに車椅子観戦者の観戦環境について検討した。

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この2013年9月号の原稿の締切日は，発行の約3 ヵ月前の6月中旬だ。おそらく発行される頃には，ギラヴァンツ北九州に関連する1つの大きな動きが，一定の決着を迎えているものと思われる。その動きとは，本連載の第4回などで取り上げた「北九州市の（仮称）新球技場整備事業」である。当該事業についての2段階目の「北九州市公共事業評価に関する検討会議」が2013年2～4月に開催され，「事業を実施することについて，全ての構成員が異論なし」との結論となった。その結論を踏まえて，北九州市では公共事業評価の結果等に対する市民意見募集を2013年5月下旬まで実施し，294人から572件の意見が出されたところである。筆者は2013年6月3日に開催された北九州市議会総務財政委員会を傍聴したが，そこでも当該事業について活発な質疑が行われた。市執行部は，市民意見募集結果と市議会6月定例会での質疑を踏まえ，6月定例会後に市長が意見表明を行うと説明している。2016年度末の供用開始というスケジュールを見据えると，この原稿が発行される頃には意見表明が済んでいる可能性が高いと筆者は考える。はた して，どのような結論だろうか。この件については，結論を踏まえて改めて本連載の中で取り上げていきたい。 　一方，同様に気がかりなのはギラヴァンツ北九州の戦績と集客状況だ。6月8日時点で，今季リーグ戦全42試合中18試合を終え，戦績は22クラブ中20位。1試合当たり平均入場者数は最下位に沈んでいる。しかしながら，戦績面では主力のFW池元友樹選手（北九州市出身）らがケガから復帰して以降，明らかにチーム状態は上向きであり，柱谷監督の戦術もチームに浸透してきた感がある。今後，勝点を重ねていってもらいたい。また，集客面でも， 屈指の名門クラブ・ガンバ大阪を迎えた6月8日には7,207人が北九州市立本城陸上競技場に集まり，体感的には満席に近い状態となった。本連載の第7 回で取り上げたようにサポーター有志による地道な集客活動も続いており，また，選手による小学校訪問などの事業も進んでいる。今後，こうした活動の成果が実を結んでくることを期待したい。 　ただ，その集客に関して，今年3 月に筆者が実施した市民意識調査においては気になる点もみられた。今回はその概要について紹介する。

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    The aim of our investigation was to clarify the achievement situation and features regarding the experiences and results of players who take active parts in the highest ranked football leagues in Japan, Europe, and South American countries.
    The average age of players in J-League changed, showing an upward trend, and recorded a peak in the 2014 season (26.85 years), and was higher by 3.80 years than that of Dutch league, which had the lowest value. And in the generation category, the age composition ratio of J-League players showed the lowest values: U 17 (0.57%), U 20 (9.28%) and U 23 (15.34%). And regarding the appearance fraction ratio by age, J-League players also showed the lowest values: U 17 (0.02%), U 20 (3.43%) and U 23 (14.01%). Their U 30 value (78.94%) was near the lowest value－that of Italian league, and their O 31 value (21.06%) was next to the peak－that of Italian league.
    In other words, J-League showed lower levels of achievement by young players and a higher average age, in comparison to the leagues in other countries.
    One of the factor became clear was that the player production fostered by the "Japan Original System," in which players become professionals after playing at university, is an increasing tendency. Furthermore, other countries such as Germany value the appearance chances of the young generation players and strengthen the upbringing of young players in their own leagues. Thus Japanese players’ experience is behind the age schedule in comparison to other countries and this is having an influence on the clubs and the league, and on competitions with other Asian area teams, and on international matches.

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     In recent years, the relationship between sports teams and the local community has been gaining attention among researchers. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effects of sense of community and team reputation on team identity. We conducted a questionnaire survey at a stadium, targeting fans of a J-League soccer club, to collect data on team reputation and sense of community. Analyzing this data revealed that although there was no statistically significant difference in the direct effect that sense of community has on team identity, it was shown that team reputation had a significant, positive relationship with team identity. Furthermore, while there was no direct, significant relationship between sense of community and team identity, the fact that sense of community had a significant and positive effect on team reputation clearly demonstrates that team identity will increase in sports teams in local communities that have a strong reputation.

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While professional sports clubs in Europe and the U.S. have attained marketability and a public nature simultaneously, many clubs in Japan are struggling to achieve either or both these two values. This study explores the businessization and localization strategies of professional football clubs belonging to the J. League, categorizes the clubs into several types, and examines their marketing dilemmas. A quantitative survey of 35 clubs was conducted from managerial and social marketing perspectives. The findings are as follows: First, through exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis, three factors were extracted as businessization indexes: stable supply of sport services, rationalization of management, and establishment of a management base. Additionally, two factors were extracted as localization indexes: building a platform for regional cooperation, and promotion of local sports activities. Second, using the geometric means derived from the businessization indexes (three factors, eight items) and the localization indexes (two factors, nine items), a correlation analysis was conducted. The clubs were classified into four types: Advanced club (Type-A), Business-oriented club (Type-B), Community-oriented club (Type-C), and Developing club (Type-D). Finally, from the viewpoint of the ABCD model, an analytical model for professional football club management is proposed. We suggest that there can be both synergies and trade-offs between businessization and localization.

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Building consensus among numerous stakeholders is an important yet difficult step in stadium construction projects. Understanding who the stakeholders are and their characteristics is necessary for the success of construction projects. Using archival materials and semi-structured interviews, we identified and characterized the most salient stakeholders associated with the subsidization decision for the stadium construction plan in Kitakyushu city. Stakeholder classification was carried out using a framework designed by Mitchell et al. (1997) that characterized salient stakeholders using attributes of power, legitimacy, and urgency. Definitive stakeholders identified as having all three attributes included the J. LEAGUE, the Kitakyushu City Assembly, and the Kitakyushu City Public Works Evaluation Committee. Although these groups were classified into the same stakeholder categories, their detailed features or roles were different. The Giravanz Kitakyushu, the city’s professional football team, was considered a dependent stakeholder with legitimacy and urgency, but limited power. Our findings highlighted the importance of stakeholder analysis as a strategic tool, especially in the initial planning phase. Practical implications and ideas for further research were discussed.

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This paper aimed to clarify the current status and issues of football in the process of social development in Cambodia, focusing on its relationship with economic development. The results of this paper can be summarized in the following three main points.

Politics, economy, education, sports, and physical education, as well as the athletes and physical education teachers of the time, were casualties of the Pol Pot regime. After the Paris Peace Accords were signed, the sports sector was rebuilt; furthermore, physical education was rebuilt with the support of Japanese NGO actors. It was revealed that activities in the field of Sport for Development and Peace, which addresses social issues stemming from Cambodia's genocidal past, are also taking place.

It was also apparent that football in Cambodia continues to grow along with the country's economic development. On the human side, it became clear that the Cambodian National Team is being strengthened in preparation for the country's hosting of the 2023 SEA Games through involvement with the Japan Football Association and various other Japanese actors. On the infrastructural side, the number of football courts in schools and educational institutions has increased, and the rush to construct stadiums has been ongoing since 2015, which suggests that football-related facilities and equipment will continue to be enhanced in the future. There were also examples of teams in the Cambodian Premier League focusing on the growth of tourism in Cambodia and working to improve operational.

Furthermore, the disparity between interest in the Cambodian National Team and the Cambodian Premier League has become evident. Therefore, the creation of a middle group and clarification of their motivations for watching football games were identified as future issues to be addressed.

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