Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy （MDT）では，検査としての負荷によるベースライン症状の変化に応じて症状を分類し，エクササイズを選択する。患者もこの過程を踏襲することでセルフマネジメントできる利点がある。ここでは投球時の肩関節の疼痛により肩関節周囲炎・腱板損傷と診断された患者に対しMDTの評価と分類を行い有効にセルフマネジメント出来た症例を紹介する。問診に続き，主訴である投球動作中の疼痛，肩の可動域制限や痛みをベースライン（BL）として効果判定の指標とした。肩の症状と脊椎の関連性を明らかにするべく，スクリーニングとして脊柱（頸椎・胸椎）の運動負荷検査を実施したが検査前後でBLに変化を認めなかった。続いて肩関節の運動負荷検査の際，伸展でセッション中にBLが著明に改善したためMDT分類をDerangement， Directional Preference （DP）肩関節伸展とし，これをセルフエクササイズとした。エクササイズの継続により，疼痛なく投球動作が可能となり，改善した状態も維持された。

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the arthroscopic thermal capsular shrinkage for habitual posterior instability of the shoulder.
[Materials and methods] 4 patients (4 shoulders) were treated with arthroscopic thermal capsular shrinkage and reviewed. There were 3 males and 1 female. The mean age at operation was 22.8 years old ( 15-32 ), the mean follow-up period was 13.3 months (2-20). We evaluated the post operative results according to the JSS Shoulder Instability Score and Bigliani's rating system.
[Results] There were no recurrences in any of the cases. The average scores were 52 preoperatively and 97 postoperatively in the JSS Shoulder In. st3a bcialisteys wSerceore excellent and 1 case was good in Bigliani's rating system.
[Conclusion] Thermal capsular shrinkage is useful for habitual posterior instability of the shoulder in the short term results. The causes of habitual posterior instability are 1) a non-traumatic capsular redundancy and 2) a traumatic soft tissue lesion and 3) a rare case of osseous abnormality.

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[Purpose] This study compared the respiratory function and oxygen saturation levels of university students living at high altitude, to present a new approach for improving respiratory function using high altitudes above sea level. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 100 female students attending a university located approximately 850 m above sea level and 104 female students attending a university located at low altitude. Oxygen saturation, heart rate (HR), and respiratory function levels were measured. [Results] For the students living at high altitude, HR, PEF, and FEV1/FVC levels were low. In contrast, their oxygen saturation, FEV1, and FVC levels were higher than the levels found in students living at low altitude. Differences in respiratory function were revealed in first- and second-year students living at high and low altitudes. On the other hand, no significant differences in respiratory function were found between third- and fourth-year students. [Conclusion] University students living at high altitude had a slower HR and higher oxygen saturation levels as well as higher lung and inspiratory capacity levels. Thus, physiological improvement in oxygen saturation levels and pulmonary function were seen in the individuals living at high altitude.

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[Purpose]To clarify the specific arthroscopic finding for diagnosis of symptomatic Bennett's ossification in patients with throwing shoulder.
[Materials and methods]Twenty-three baseball players with Bennett's ossification who underwent arthroscopic examination were studied retrospectively. While 13 of them were symptomatic,10asymptomatic patients were studied as the control.
[Results]Ossifications were detected by probing in 12 symptomatic shoulders and 3 asymptomatic shoulders. Fibrosis of the postero-inferior gleno-humeral ligament was seen in 6 symptomatic shoulders and 2 asymptomatic shoulders. The frequency of the fraying of the postero-inferior labrum was similar in both groups, but detachment of the postero-inferior labrum was more frequently seen in the asymptomatic group. As for other labral injuries, rotator cuff tear, greater tuberosity notching, and subacromial bursitis, there were no significant differences detected.
[Conclusions]As no specific arthroscopic findings were detected in patients with symptomatic Bennett's ossification, careful pre-operative diagnosis should be done.

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to provide information to help maintain correct posture by identifying gait changes caused by the habits and methods of carrying bags. [Method] The subjects were 34 healthy right-handed women. Among them, 18 subjects had the habit of carrying bags on their right side, and 16 subjects had the habit of carrying bags on their left side. The subjects were instructed to walk while carrying a bag, which weighted approximately 10% of the subjects’ average weight, in four different ways; holding it in the left hand, carrying it over the left shoulder, holding it in the right hand, and carrying it over the right shoulder. The subjects’ gaits were measured using a gait analyzer. [Results] Subjects who habitually carried bags on their right exhibited changes in gait variables related to walking distance. In addition, their gait velocities were relatively faster. On the other hand, differences in temporal and spatial gait variables were not exhibited when the bag was carried using the four methods. [Conclusion] When the weight of a bag is appropriate, bag-carrying habits had significant effects on gaits. Therefore, people who carry bags should avoid the habit of carrying them on only one side.

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to identify effects of acute maximal workload on oxidative stress of obesity. This study investigates the differences in expression of oxidative stresses between an obese group and a group with normal health after an acute maximal workload.[Subjects] Eighteen men were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an obese group (n=8), and a normal group (n=8). All members of the acute maximal load that participated in the study were between the ages of 20 and 30 years old. The baseline level of obesity was determined as 25% of the fat and body mass index (BMI) 25. [Methods] The treadmill grade was increased 2% every 1 minute (Balke protocol) while speed (3.3mph) was kept constant. The speed was individualized so that exhaustion occurred in approximately 8—12 minutes. Standard criteria for an acceptable VO₂max test included a leveling off of VO₂ with increasing workload, a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) above 1.15 and a peak HR similar to age-predicted maximal values. Both groups stopped eating, smoking, drinking and exercising 21 hours before the test concerning circadian rhythm. After 50 minutes, 10 ml of blood was collected at three different times at rest, at exhaustion, and after 30 minutes of recovery. [Results] There was no significant difference in malondialdehyde assay (MDA) which is a common test for evaluation of lid peroxidation between the normally healthy group and the obesity group after exhaustion and 30 minutes of recovery. [Conclusion] The reason why acute maximal load did not have a significant effect on the MDA activation which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation is that acute maximal load raised the free radical level and the lipid peroxide level; and had a defense mechanism against the generation of free radicals; thus restrained lipid peroxides from being generated by free radicals; consequently they could not have any effect on antioxidation capability.

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[Purpose] This study examined the effect on stroke patients of a task-oriented training program for trunk control ability, balance and gait. [Methods] The subjects were 20 inpatients who were randomly divided into two groups; Ten patients in the experimental group performed the task-oriented training (3 times/wk) and received general physical therapy (5 times/wk) for 4 weeks, and 10 patients in the control group received only general physical therapy (5 times/wk) for 4 weeks. The Trunk Impairment Scale, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up & Go test (TUG), and 10 m walking time, were measured before and after the 4 weeks of therapy. [Results] The experimental group showed significant improvements in trunk control ability, balance and gait after 4 weeks of task-oriented training. Except for TUG, significant differences in trunk control ability, balance and gait were observed between the experimental and control groups. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that task-oriented training after a stoke can improve the trunk control ability, balance and gait, which be effective in stroke rehabilitation.

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　高校生以下に対して烏口突起移行術を施行した症例の術後成績および競技の継続についての調査報告は少ない．中学か高校在学中に肩前方不安定症に対し烏口突起移行術を施行し，術後2年以上経過観察可能であったラグビー選手73例79肩（男性71例77肩，女性2例2肩，手術時平均年齢16.0歳（13-18歳））について調査した．臨床成績はJSS-SISとRoweスコア，満足度を調査し，競技復帰，競技継続および再発について検討した．術後平均観察期間は52.8ヶ月（24-100ヶ月）で，JSS-SISとRoweスコアは術前後でそれぞれ51.1→95.9，34.3→90.3と改善し，満足度は96.2％（79-100）であった．術後烏口突起骨折を生じた1肩が再亜脱臼のため再手術を行った．大学まで競技を継続していた選手が61肩（77.2％）であった．烏口突起移行術は中・高校生ラグビー選手においても高い競技復帰率および競技継続率が示され，満足度の高い手術方法であった．

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the importance of the agonist muscle activity of the post-impact 30 ms phase during drop jump (DJ) for effective rebound performance by comparing those of sprint runners and swimmers. The eight sprint runners (SPRINT) and twelve swimmers (SWIM) were participated in this study. They performed DJ from a 0.3-m height box with maximal rebound efforts. Electromyograms (EMG) of the lower leg muscles (medial gastrocnemius [MG], soleus [SOL] and tibialis anterior [TA]), and vertical ground reaction force together with kinematic data were measured simultaneously during DJ. In addition, the onsets of fascicle stretching of the MG and SOL muscles were measured by using high-speed ultrasonography (521Hz) during DJ. The onsets of the fascicle stretching of SOL during DJ were not significantly different between SPRINT and SWIM (15 ± 7 ms and 16 ± 6 ms, respectively). During DJ, SPRINT showed onset of the SOL EMG before the ground contact (-26 ± 19 ms). Meanwhile, SWIM showed the onset of the SOL EMG after the ground contact of DJ (16 ± 19 ms). These results suggest that the SOL muscles for SWIM cannot be fully-activated during the braking phase. Consequently, the rate of force development during the braking phase of DJ and subsequently rebound height could be reduced in SWIM.

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　野球選手における上腕骨後捻角度の左右差が肩筋力に影響を及ぼすかを検討した．野球検診を行った大学野球選手のうち肩痛を認めない36人を対象とした．上腕骨後捻角度は超音波診断装置を用いて計測した．内外旋中間位における肩外旋筋力と内旋筋力はマイクロフェットを用いて測定した．肩内外旋可動域は電子角度計を用いて計測した．上腕骨後捻角度は投球側において有意に増加しており（p < 0.001），その左右差は15.6 ± 10.2（SD）度であった．上腕骨後捻角度の左右差と肩外旋可動域（p < 0.001，r=0.59）および内旋可動域の左右差（p=0.047，r=-0.33）に有意な相関を認めたが，肩筋力の左右差（外旋：p=0.54，内旋：p=0.48）とは有意な相関を認めなかった．今回の結果から大学野球選手における上腕骨後捻角度の左右差は肩筋力に影響を及ぼさないと考えられた．

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The purpose of this study was to identify latent subgroups with respect to defensive transition plays from an achievement pattern data of the defensive transition in the professional soccer game. The research procedure comprised two steps, 1) an analysis of achievement criteria of the defensive transition items by a decision tree analysis, 2) an analysis of latent classes of defensive transitions by latent class analysis (LCA). The 158 defensive transitions in two games of the J-league in 2016 were used. An achievement pattern data of nine defensive transition items consisted of approach, press, and DFL control were used for LCA. Three latent classes, class 1: High achieved transition play (HA), class 3: Moderate achieved transition play (MA), and class 2: Low achieved transition play (LA) were identified. HA (54.25±5.35) showed significantly higher defensive transition skill (DTS) score compared with MA (42.61±5.10) and LA (27.85±3.24), and MA showed significantly higher defensive transition score than LA (p < 0.05). In addition, the relationship between LA and the opponent PA entry was found. These results indicated that LA allowed the opponent counter attack leading to failure of defensive transition play. In conclusion, this study successfully identifies latent classes of defensive transition plays by LCA.

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Stress roentgenograms before and after treatment of lateral ligament tears of the 15 ankles treated by cast immobilization were analyzed.
Eleven out of 15 ankles recovered roentgenographic stability satisfactorily.
To the above cases and chronic cases, we asked questionnaires based on Seligson scale by letter.
Results showed a tendency that the greater the roentgenographic instability of the ankle is, the lower the functional rating of the ankle is.

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社会の持続性強化を目的として再生型の海洋深層水資源に着目し, 台湾に建設が予定されているリゾートでモデル検証した. 海洋深層水58万m³/日の冷熱エネルギーを建物冷房に使用し87%の省エネ後, 一部を発電機冷却水に利用し63%以上の省エネ効果の可能性を得た. 昇温海洋深層水とゴミ焼却熱の温度差利用で年間613MWhの排熱発電と, 海洋深層水の冷熱を利用した土壌冷却により熱帯環境下での温帯の野菜・果物栽培の可能性も検討した. 昇温海洋深層水を逆浸透 (RO) 膜濾過で淡水化し, リゾート利用者と周辺住民 (16万人/日) が必要とする上水4.2万m³/日を製造・供給することで, 表層海水利用に比べた省資源の可能性が示された. 海洋深層水中の栄養塩類は海藻培養で回収し, 最終的には表層水と同様水質にして周辺海域に放流する. 海洋深層水資源の多段利用効果を, 省エネと省資源からモデル検証した.

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The purpose of this study was to develop criterion-referenced measurement items of defensive transition in soccer games from tracking data. The research procedure comprised three steps,

1) construction of transition items from tracking data based on qualitative analysis, 2) analysis of the success criteria of transition items by decision tree analysis and 3) analysis of item and test characteristics for criterion-referenced measurement using item response theory (IRT). 158 defensive transition plays in two games of the J-league in 2016 were used for the analysis. Twenty-two transition items were constructed from tracking data based on qualitative analysis. Success criteria of all items for classifying successful defensive transition were investigated. Subsequently, 16 criterion-referenced measurement items for measuring defensive transition were selected via IRT (with a two-parameter logistic model – 2PLM). The item difficulty parameter (M = – 0.88, SD = 1.00), the item discrimination parameter (M = 0.92, SD = 0.66) showed the accepted range of values. The goodness-of-fit analysis showed all 16 items fitted to the 2PLM (p > = 0.05). The invariance of the item difficulty parameter (r = 0.89, p < 0.05) and the item discrimination parameter (r = 0.76, p < 0.05), the defensive transition score (r = 0.59, p < 0.05) are found. In conclusion, this study constructs 22 defensive transition items based on qualitative analysis processed by tracking data and 16 of them are criterion-referenced measurement items for defensive transitions.

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The purpose of this is to analyze the anterior capsulo-labral complex of patients who had a positive anterior apprehension sign at a low abduction angle.
Subjects and methods: We studied 18 cases with recurrent anterior dislocation or subluxation, who had positive anterior apprehension sign at 45 degrees abduction or less. The patients ranged in age from 18to 46 years (average,24.3 years). We assessed the angle of the positive anterior apprehension sign, the extent of the anterior glenoid labral tear, the condition of the MGHL and AIGHL in the preoperative arthroscopic findings, and the loosening of the subscapularis muscle.

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