In the present paper, the order preserving property for fuzzy vectors is investigated, and some classes of fuzzy vectors, which have the order preserving property and seem to be useful for applications, are constructed and proposed.

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A lot of people express an impact sound by the same onomatopeia. In order to solve the relationship between an impact sound and the corresponding onomatopeia, sounds were made on the basis of word informations of onomatopoeia. We performed the auditory sensory tests by using the prepared sounds. Furthermore, the actual impact sounds and the vocalized sounds were analyzed by using a one-third-octave analyzer. By comparing the sensory test results with actual impact sounds, we clarified that the frequency of the sound to hear as an onomatopeia is close to the frequency of the actual impact sound. And we suggested that the number of waves of the sound to hear as an onomatopoeia is less than the number of waves of the actual impact sound and the vocalized sound.

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A numerical analysis is presented of cell adhesion in capillaries whose diameter is comparable to or smaller than that of the cell, where the solid and fluid mechanics of a cell in flow was coupled with a slip bond model of ligand-receptor interactions. Our results suggest that even under the interaction between PSGL-1 and P-selectin, which is mainly responsible for leukocyte rolling, a cell is able to show firm adhesion in a small capillary.

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Blue swimmer crab plays a significant role for the people living around the coastal zone which provides foods, income for liveli-hood. Unsustainable use of fishery resources and lack of food security by human activities and environment factors drove the degradation of these species. So, the study aimed to: identify the kind of fishing gears and the way of fishing blue swimmer crab, identify the average yield of blue swimmer crab, and show the blue swimmer crab market. The study selected 2 different Community Fisheries (CFi) from 2 communes and 14 fishermen from Keb Thmey Fisheries Communi-ty and 25 fishermen from Chang Hoan CFi, 10 middlemen, 2 chief communities from each Fisheries Communities were interviewed. The simple yields, moreover, were recorded in Chang Hoan CFi every morning and Keb Thmey CFi in the even-ing for 4 months. The results showed that crab trap and trawling have been used in both areas for catching blue swimmer crab, but trawling is not commonly used. In Keb Thmey CFi, the average yields per day of blue swimmer crabs were caught by crab trap: 15.77 kg/boat in March, 16.45 kg/boat in April, 13.93 kg/boat in May, and 8.09 kg/boat in June. On the other hand, trawling was used to collect blue swimmer crab in Chang Hoan CFi; in average were 1.01 kg/boat in March, 1.09 kg/boat in April, and 0.89 kg/boat in May. Whereas the yield from the crab traps were 6.72 kg/boat in March, 5.05 kg/boat in April, 5.05 kg/boat in May and 4.44 kg/boat in June. Usually, blue swimmer crabs were classified into 3 classes. The first and second classes were purchased by middlemen who delivered to the crab strip shop, retailer and Kampot and Vealrihn markets. The third class was sold to the crab peelers. In conclusion, crab trap is commonly used for catching crab all year round. The variation of total is according to time, weather, place and the number of fishing gears. The average catch in March and April is more than that in May and June.

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Background: Glenoid fractures of the scapula are rare. With inappropriate treatment, this injury can lead to post-traumatic degenerative joint disease and severe functional impairment. We report the clinical results of treatment of Ideberg typeII-V glenoid fractures of the scapula in our hospital.
Methods: Between June 2005 and June 2011, seven Ideberg typeII-V glenoid fractures of the scapula were treated. There were 1 female and 6 males. The average age was 49.4 years old. There were 2 typeII, 2 typeIII, 1 typeIV, and 2 typeV cases. Indications for the operation included an articular step-off or gap of 5mm or greater, and disruption of superior shoulder suspensory complex(SSSC). The typeIV case was treated conservatively, and the remaining 6 cases were treated operatively. In operation, glenoid fractures and disrupted SSSC were repaired. We evaluated postoperative bone union, range of motion, step-off and gap of articular surface in CT view, and postoperative complications.
Results: All fractures gained bone union. The average range of active elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation were 156.4 degrees, 48.6 degrees, and T10 level, respectively. The average step-off was 1.4mm, and the average gap was 0.8mm. There were no complications.
Conclusion: Clinical results of treatment of Ideberg typeII-V glenoid fractures were satisfactory. In treatment of glenoid fractures, anatomical reduction of the articular surface and reconstruction of SSSC seem to be important.

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Background: Traumatic anterior shoulder instability has a wide spectrum, from a definite dislocation to a subtle instability. Most patients have the sensation that their shoulders slipped out at the time of instability events. There is, however, another category of patients who are not aware of slipping out or instability of the shoulder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of such patients who have not recognized traumatic anterior instability.
Methods: Seventeen patients who were not aware of traumatic anterior shoulder instability were operated on between 2007 and 2011. There were 16 men and 1 woman, and the mean age at surgery was 18.8 years old. All patients except one case, engaged in contact sports or overhead sports activities. We investigated their clinical history, and both imaging and arthroscopic findings of their shoulders.
Results: Chief complaints of the patients were recurrent shoulder pain during sports activities after a history of trauma. None of them felt that their shoulder had anterior instability or got unstable after the injury. Positive anterior apprehension test and positive relocation test led us to a suspicion that patients may have had recurrent anterior subluxation of the shoulder. CT and MR arthrogram revealed that there was evidence of anterior instability such as Bankart lesion and/or Hill-Sachs lesion. Arthroscopic examination confirmed these findings and anterior stabilization procedure yielded favorable outcomes.
Conclusion: Attention should be paid not to miss the diagnosis of unstable painful shoulder in young athletes.

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Background: The understanding of the glenohumeral (GH) joint motion during baseball pitching should be necessary for diagnosis and treatment for throwing shoulder. The purposes of this study were firstly to investigate the motions of the scapula, pelvis, upper body, and upper limbs and secondly to speculate the motion of the GH joint and the scapula from the top position to ball release.
Methods: We observed the pitching of 2 professional and 2 high-level amateurs with a digital camera and a video camera, recording each motion of the pelvis, upper body, scapula, and upper limbs. We classified pitching motion into 3 phases which were slide, upper body rotation, and arm throwing in order to simply analyze the motion in each phase.
Results: Each scapula protracted and retracted respectively during pitching motion. The pelvis which was closed in the stride, ball release, and follow-through synchronized with scapular motion. The throwing arm moved in the scapular plane and made the elbow extend to the ball release. Internal rotation of the humeral head was a little from the top position to the ball release.
Discussion: Both scapula and pelvis synchronized at each phase of pitching motion. The motion of the GH joint was speculated to be a small amount from the top position to ball release.

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Las mezclas lingüísticas de los bilingües en proceso de adquisición de sus dos lenguas, han sido explicadas desde puntos de vista tanto psico como sociolingüísticos. El presente trabajo analiza los enunciados mixtos emitidos por una niña bilingüe en español-japonés, cuando se encontraba en el contexto español, para comprobar si dichas teorías se cumplen en su caso.

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A trypsin inhibitor from hemolymph of the solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, has been reported to be present in two forms, ATI-I and ATI-II. ATI-I consists of a single polypeptide chain with a unique sequence of 55 amino acid residues, while ATI-II has two chains that seem to be derived from ATI-I by cleavage at the Lys16-Met17 bond [Kumazaki, T., Hoshiba, N., Yokosawa, H., and Ishii, S. (1990) J. Biochem. 107, 409-413]. ATI-II (as modified inhibitor) was proved to be produced by incubation of ATI-I (as virgin inhibitor) with a catalytic amount of bovine trypsin. The tryptic hydrolysis at the Lys16-Metl7 bond in virgin inhibitor showed a maximum velocity at around pH 3.5. On the other hand, acid treatment of a complex prepared by mixing equimolar quantities of trypsin and the modified inhibitor yielded free trypsin and the virgin inhibitor. The results of chemical analyses indicated that the Lys16-Met17 bond that had been cleaved in ATI-II was resynthesized by the acid treatment. These findings strongly suggest that the Lys16-Met17 bond is the reactive site of ATI for trypsin.

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Recently, the system called Auto Ampule Dispenser attracts attention. The system can automatically prepare ampules and vials that were ordered by a medical doctor. When using this system, it can reduce the workload of a medical staff in the department of pharmacy. Also it can prevent human error such as taking wrong medicines. Additionally, it enables a medical doctor to do the administration of medicine safety. But general Auto Ampule Dispenser system cannot automatically return ampules that were not used because of a change of prescription. If a change of prescription is happened, hospital pharmacists have to return medicines manually. There are hundreds of kinds of the medicine like ampule, vial, and plastic bag, so it is very hard to return ampules in hand. Therefore, the system that can return ampules automatically is required. However, fulfilling this process is not easy. Because the system cannot recognize what kind of ampules are returned. In this paper, we propose Auto Returning Ample System and technique to pick up ampules under the random circumstance. This issue has been resolved by RIM and the introduction of the evaluation function to the image area. The picking success rate of this system is 95%.

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ダルナビル（DRV）は，野生型ヒト免疫不全ウイルス（HIV-1）および既存の抗HIV薬に耐性を示す臨床分離株に対して強力な抗ウイルス活性を示す，新規のプロテアーゼ阻害薬（PI）である．DRVは，HIV-1プロテアーゼの活性中心で複数のアミノ酸に相互作用することにより著しく強い結合親和性を示し，さらにDRVのbis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane（bis-THF）側鎖が主要活性部位のアミノ酸主鎖に結合するため，薬剤耐性変異による影響を受けにくいことが示されている．In vitroでの検討において，DRVは既存のPI耐性株に対する感受性を維持しており，また，薬剤耐性を引き起こしにくいことも示された．他に治療選択肢が限られた重度治療歴群のHIV-1感染症患者を対象とした用量設定試験（POWER1，2）の併合解析の結果，DRV群は対照PI群に比し優れたウイルス学的効果および免疫学的効果を示し，DRV群の安全性および忍容性は対照PI群と同様であった．また，欧米で審査中に実施された軽／中等度治療歴群を対象とした第3相比較試験（TITAN）では，実薬対照であるロピナビル／リトナビル（LPV/r）群に比しDRV／リトナビル（r）群の優越性が示され，DRVはウイルス学的治療失敗（Virological failure）が少なく薬剤耐性が発現しにくい新しいPIであることが示されつつある．DRV/r 600/100 mgの1日2回投与は，POWER試験から多剤耐性HIVに有効であり，且つTITAN試験から薬剤耐性がLPV/rに比し発現しにくいことからin vitroで示唆されたDRVの遺伝的障壁（genetic barrier）が高い薬理学的特長が臨床成績で示された．今後DRVは初回治療または軽／中等度治療歴群の患者へも使用され，HIV-1感染症患者の生命予後の改善に寄与することが期待される．

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日本のデジタルアーカイブは，発見性の向上やシステムのユーザビリティ改善が長年の課題である。特に研究資料の不足により，近年海外における日本研究が退潮傾向にある中，海外ユーザーを視野に入れた対応を進め，これを食い止める必要がある。一方，近年のIIIFの登場や，Adobe社によるFlash player開発の終了告知は，多くの図書館にシステム再構築の必要性を認識させ，先述の課題解決を図る好機と捉えることができる。具体的な対応策を認識するため，筆者は日本への関心が高いポーランドのクラクフに赴き，日本研究に関する学会への参加，関連機関の訪問調査を行った。その結果，日本のデジタルアーカイブは多様な観点から有効な資料と成り得る一方で，ユーザーからはポータルの整備や英語対応が求められていることがわかった。これらに対応しながら，日本のデジタルアーカイブを国際的な交流や研究協力の橋渡しとなる存在に育てていければと考える。

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