ここで疎外とは, 差別的行為によって生じる孤立状態を意味する. 人は人種の違い, 精神的, 肉体的能力や社会的地位の相違などによって疎外感を感じるし, また, 他人の無思慮な一つの言動によってさえ疎外感を感じることがある. 疎外の原因や結果についての研究は, 哲学者・心理学者・社会学者の仕事であろうが, しかし, 小説家や短編作家もまた, 個人的, 社会的観点から疎外の問題に注目している. 本稿では, アメリカ黒人文学作品を通して, 白人が圧倒的な勢力を占める社会のただ中で, 黒人の人間的平等を主張している黒人作家の声に耳を傾けたい. また本稿は, 素材としてこれらの作品を取りあげるが, このことを通して, 各自が社会の一員として, 更には一個人として, 自己の責任について省察を深め, 疎外の諸原因を見極めつつ, 本当に人格的な自由平等の社会を創造するため, 自己の言動が, 自分と他人に疎外感を与えないよう常に配慮する人間となることを希望している. このことは, 産業化社会特に将来の職場のなかで非常に重要である.

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The following are my comments on the presentations in our symposium on legal education. 1) Teaching law has been an effective route for Westernization in Japan. One of the marked features that graduates from a Law Department tend to acquire is their readiness to be accountable for social order. Compared with graduates from Literature or Economics, bachelors of law are likely to better manage norms in general. I believe recent sea change in legal education in Japan, which includes new establishment of about 70 law schools, will not affect the basic advantage of law education at undergraduate level. 2) When social norms are under perpetuated change lawyers are required to be more creative than regular study of law interpretation facilitates them to be. In such a circumstance Legal Philosophy, together with Sociology and Comparative Study of Law etc., will become all the more important. The fact that first rank law schools in the U. S. have rich courses in those theoretical studies of law is revealing this. 3) Professor Hagiwara talked about Japanese pseudo-rule of law. In that context too much focus on the Alternative Dispute Resolution and Restorative Justice might be harmful. In ADR, legal rules which are relevant to the concerned legal case will not be identified and confirmed. Otherwise, the rules found applicable to a new case today are likely to be applied to the similar cases in the future so that the number of cases which will come to the court for just resolution will be reduced greatly. In ADR, there is no guarantee that similar cases will be resolved similarly, which is one of requisites for the appearance of justice or that of rule of law. 4) The most fundamental thesis in my observation is that in the ideological phenomenon like law social belief in its existence which has something to do with people's sense of justice tends to make people behave accordingly so that the social reality in which we can talk on law meaningfully will come in place. In short the belief in law tends to fulfill itself. So, the main task of legal profession has been and still is to disseminate this belief.

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