A computer simulation system was developed to facilitate and enhance the engineering decision-making process for earthquake disasters. The present system provides an appropriate platform to examine vulnerability assessments of the water supply network, the road network within congested areas and the highway network. The database with GIS can store and sort complicated network data without difficulty; it enables engineers to comprehensively understand the evaluated results in an easily understood manner.

抄録全体を表示

Cardiac effects of drugs used for circulatory disorders in traditional Japanese medicine based on ancient Chinese medicine (Kampo Medicine): Saikoka-ryukotsu-borei-to, Oren-gedoku-to, Toki-shakuyaku-san, Shimbu-to, -boi-to, Ryo-kei-jutsu-kan-to, Sha-kanzo-to, Keishi-ninjin-to, Toki-to and Ryo-kan-kyo-mi-shin-ge-nin-to were investigated using canine isolated, blood-perfused sinoatrial node and papillary muscle preparations. Single injections of small doses of Oren-gedoku-to, -boi-to and Ryo-kan-kyo-mi-shin-ge-nin-to (0.1 to 3 mg) dosedependently increased the sinoatrial rate and the developed tension of papillary muscle, while other drugs showed almost no effect on these parameters. All the drugs had almost no effect on the blood flow through the nutrient arteries of each preparation. The positive chronotropic and inotropic effects induced by Oren-gedoku-to, -boi-to and Ryo-kan-kyo-mi-shin-ge-nin-to did not show tachyphylaxis and were not affected after pharmacological denervation by tetrodotoxin treatment or by reserpine pretreatment, but were significantly suppressed by atenolol. These results indicate that these three drugs act as beta-adrenoceptor agonists to produce clinically useful cardiac effects.

抄録全体を表示

Farms in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, historically grow upland rice crops that utilize the slash-and-burn farming system. However, little is known about grain quality and the differences between upland rice varieties in this region. In the present study, growth and grain yield were measured to elucidate the characteristics of traditional upland rice varieties grown by local farmers. Additionally, amylose and protein content were measured to understand their characteristics. In this region, farmers predominantly grew traditional rice varieties, which were deemed as tropical japonica based on the measured agronomic traits. These traditional varieties were highly varied in terms of grain appearance and yield-related factors. Grain yield in the traditional varieties (3.0 t ha-1 on average) was inferior to that of Lampung (4.0 t ha-1 on average), an improved variety newly introduced from outside the region. In particular, Lampung tended to have a higher spikelet number per m2 than that of the traditional varieties. The protein and amylose content varied depending on the different varieties. Amylose content of eleven upland rice varieties was determined, with eight varieties characterized as sticky rice, two as non-glutinous varieties, and one as an extremely low amylose variety. These results indicate that this region contains valuable upland rice varieties, and this information is useful for future genetic resource studies.

抄録全体を表示

Heart failure is a rapidly growing public health problem, affecting over 30 million people worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches aim to regress cardiac hypertrophy but have limited efficacy. In this context, Japanese Kampo medicines are gaining attention as safe and potentially effective therapeutic agents. This study focuses on understanding the impact and mechanisms by which

-boi-to (MBT), a Japanese Kampo medicine, provides potential cardioprotective benefits against AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. By addressing this knowledge gap, we aim to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we found that MBT exhibited preventive effects against AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. One of the ways MBT exerted its benefits was by enhancing intracellular Ca²⁺ signaling regulation and improving mitochondrial function. However, it was unexpected that MBT did not provide additional effects when combined with the AT₁ receptor blocker losartan. These findings shed light on the AT₁ receptor-mediated cardioprotective potential of MBT and provide valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms responsible for alleviating AngII-induced dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Our results suggest that MBT holds promise as a safe and effective prophylactic agent for cardiac hypertrophy.

抄録全体を表示

This paper extends the concept of our proposed (Yamagata and Seya, 2012) community-based disaster resilient electricity sharing system (DRESS) as a complement or alternative to a feed-in tariff(FiT) to achieve CO2-neutral transportation in cities. In our proposed system, electricity generated from widely introduced solar photovoltaic panels (PVs) is stored in the“cars not in use ”in a city. For example, almost half of the cars in the central Tokyo metropolitan area are used only on weekends and thus are kept parked during weekdays. These cars represent a huge new potential storage depot if they were replaced by electric vehicles (EVs), that is, they could be used as storage batteries in a V2G system. The present study extends our proposed system in the following two senses. Firstly, different from Yamagata and Seya (2012), this paper uses actual ground area data (footprint) of each building to estimate PV supply, which may lead to more accurate estimations. The results show that although the entire electricity surplus (PV supply minus demand) could be stored without waste if 12% of the EVs not in use were utilized as storage batteries at an aggregate (city) level,there exist significant regional mismatches at the local district level. Hence secondly, based on the geographical PV supply-demand estimates, this paper analyses the possibility of local electricity sharing by looking at the geographical distribution of high-storage potential areas using a spatial clustering technique. This paper extends the concept of our proposed (Yamagata and Seya, 2012) community-based disaster resilient electricity sharing system (DRESS) as a complement or alternative to a feed-in tariff(FiT) to achieve CO2-neutral transportation in cities. In our proposed system, electricity generated from widely introduced solar photovoltaic panels

抄録全体を表示

漢方製剤は古くからヒ卜のアレルギーの臨床において症状の軽減に用いており, 現在も使用頻度は高いが, 獣医臨床では試みが少ない. 我々は, 漢方製剤である木防己湯(M-711)の皮膚における抗アレルギー作用について, ラットの即時型皮内反応を応用したアレルギー性皮膚炎モデルを作製し検討した. M-711とその構成生薬単独の皮内反応抑制効果を, ジフェンヒドラミン, アゼラスチン, デキサメタゾンと比較した. モデルは, 被検薬物を経口的に前投与したラットの皮内に抗ラットIgE血清, ヒスタミン, ロイコトリエンC₄を接種し, 血管透過性の亢進を惹起することによって作製した. M-711は20mg/kg以上でヒスタミン, ロイコトリエンC₄および抗ラットIgE血清によって惹起された皮内反応を有意に抑制した. 40mg/kgBWのM-711の抗ヒスタミン作用は, ジフェンヒドラミンやアゼラスチンの常用量と同程度であった. ロイコトリエンC₄に対しては, 20mg/kgBWのM-711がジフェンヒドラミンの常用量に匹敵する抑制作用を示した. 以上の成績から, M-711は, 皮膚の抗原抗体反応の結果遊離されるchemical mediatorの作用を抑制することによって, アレルギー症状を軽減することが示唆された.

抄録全体を表示

This report is the study of the structure of simple wall body suitable for farmers' house which has been constructed, using the panel of -MO cement board (wood fibre cement board). I devised so that the farmers themselves might make all the process of the panel, the construction of the wall structure and paid attention so that the function, the durability as the wall structure might be kept long enough. The Panel is two -Mo cement boards of 60×90cm fixed by pieces of wood. The joint used in joining up the two is reinforced concrete. Acceding to my experiment, the size for making of the panel, the procedure for making it, and the device of the wall structure was suitable for farmers' requirement among farm village tody at the price, the weight, and the durability.

抄録全体を表示

底生動物の毛翔目（Trichoptera）とツルヨシ（Phagmites japonica）あるいはクレソン（Nasturtim officinale）を組み合わせた、ベンチスケールの人工水質浄化システムを確立した。30個体の底生動物と組み合わせて、一カ月の処理を行った結果、水中のリン酸イオン濃度が、ヨシとの組み合わせで、底生動物を入れていない対照実験と比較して、約1/5、また、クレソンとの組み合わせで約1/2と、それぞれ低い値が得られた。また全窒素はヨシまたはクレソンとの組み合わせでそれぞれ、約1/6から約1/3と、底生動物の存在でより低い値を示した。底生動物とヨシまたはクレソンとの組み合わせで、水質浄化能が活性化することを、人工の浄化装置で確認できた。

抄録全体を表示

青森県つがる市の一湖沼から， ガシャモクPotamogeton lucens L.（ヒルムシロ科）を報告した．本種は，かつては北関東などで多産したものの国内の既知産地のほとんどで消滅し，環境省レッドデータブック2014 で絶滅危惧IA 類に指定されている．筆者らは，2017 年6 月および7 月に当湖沼で類似した切れ藻を発見した．発見した切れ藻は国内のガシャモクの記載よりもわずかに大きな葉の長さ，幅，托葉をもっていたものの，形態測定，塩基配列，花粉稔性，標本調査に基づき本種と同定した．現地では本種の生育状況を確認することはできなかったが，30 以上の切れ藻が湖沼の南岸のみに漂着し，南岸付近で根をもつ株が採集されたことから，少なくとも湖内に生育しているものと考えられる．本集団は，ガシャモクの国内の自然集団としては2ヶ所目で，国内における既知産地の北限を500 km 以上更新するものである．湖沼周辺では開発が進んでおり，ガシャモクの国内からの絶滅を防ぐためにも，本集団の早急な保全が望まれる．

抄録全体を表示