目的:医学生における自覚的な耳鳴および聴覚問題を明らかにすること。方法:一大学の2年次および3年次の医学生145名を対象に,2013年に実施した自覚的な耳鳴および聴覚問題に関する自記式アンケート調査結果について分析した。結果:1.過去の聴覚問題で最も高率であったのは耳鳴であった(11.1%)。2.現在,耳鳴がある医学生の割合は,13.2%であった。3.大音量で音楽を聴いた後に耳鳴がする医学生の割合は,10.4%であった。4.テレビ,ラジオ,CDプレーヤーなどで大音量の音楽を聴く頻度は,男子が女子より有意に高率であった(p<0.01)。5.耳鳴がある者とない者の間で,テレビ,ラジオ,CDプレーヤー,携帯音楽プレーヤーなどで大音量の音楽を聴く頻度,聴き続ける時間,普段聴取する音楽の音量の各割合に有意差はなかった。結論:過度な音量による音楽聴取が聴力障害を引き起こす警告や啓蒙は今後も重要な課題であると考えられる。

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The digital content industry has been selected by Taiwan government as one of the key industries to ride Taiwan into the 21 st century and, to succeed her successful information industry so another wave of economic growth could be sustained. In this paper we study the current status of this industry in Taiwan, the development goal in year 2006, and subsequently the government strategies and initiatives to promote this industry.

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We propose a music recommendation system based on the Kansei retrieval agent (KaRA) model using fuzzy inference to present music data that a user satisfies to obtain user preference rules for music. The KaRA model learns the user-preference using user evaluation information based on the fuzzy inference parameters of each agent that is optimized by a genetic algorithm, and it searches user-preference objects from a database. A previous study has proposed the KaRA model using fuzzy inference and applied a character coordination system as a prototype system for obtaining user-preference rules. However, we did not apply the KaRA model for music retrieval. In this study, we used the KaRA model with fuzzy reasoning to retrieve user-preference music data based on the following musical score features: main tune, tempo, the number of instrumentals, and beat, among others. Further, we examined the effectiveness of the proposed system from the viewpoint of obtaining user preference rules for music. From the experimental results, the proposed system can obtain the user preference rules as fuzzy rules of the KaRA model and recommend user preferred music data.

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1992年リオデジャネイロで行われた地球サミットで示されたように，持続的発展を促進するための人々の環境意識を向上させる施策として，環境コミュニケーションの重要性は世界的に認識されている。しかしながら，現在までに環境コミュニケーションの意識へ及ぼす効果が充分に理解されていないことで，その役割が果たされていない可能性が指摘されている。本研究の目的は，環境コミュニケーションの効果を測定して人々の意識の変化量を定量化し，かつ向上させた理由を示し，意識向上への役割を実証することにある。環境コミュニケーションの手段は，ISO14063の中で26のコミュニケーションツールの１つに位置づけられるwebサイトに着目した。予備調査と段階的な6回のアンケート調査（n＝560）によって意識の変化量を測定した。調査結果は，3つの点が検証された。１つは，「webサイトの閲覧によって影響された意識の変化量」についてである。共分散構造分析の結果，初期態度を起点として，クラス学習後のモデルを比較してwebサイトの閲覧後のモデルは，被験者の環境意識の変化量が高く上昇した。2つめは，「環境コミュニケーションの１つのツールとして機能するwebサイトの能力」についてである。因子分析の結果，同様の質問内容のすべてのモデルと比較して，webサイトの閲覧後のみ人々の学習意欲と同時に活動意欲の因子負荷の傾向が高かった。3つめは，「人々の意識に影響を与えたwebサイトの特徴の分析」についてである。共分散構造分析の結果，意識に影響を与えたもっとも重要な点は視覚デザインへの配慮であった。例えば，配色，写真の配置，デザインと内容の一致などである。これらの結果から，本研究では環境コミュニケーションにおいて，これによる人々の意識の変化量を定量化し，さらに人々の環境意識を向上させる１つのツールとしてwebサイトの有用性を認め，かつ，それを高める活用法を示すことができた。

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This study presents Finnish and Japanese explanatory variables of science achievement in TIMSS 1999. The methodological approach reflects assumptions that educational outcomes, both cognitive and affective, are socially, culturally, historically, and institutionally situated and context-specific. The purpose of this study is to describe and highlight the wide spectrum of nuances of students' home background, free- and schooltime activities, their motivational factors and affective outcomes of schooling, all of which are connected with students' science achievement. This study was set out to identify, by means of hierarchical linear models (HLM), country-specific groups of variables associated with students' science achievement. The analysis revealed that there were only few statistically significant explanatory variables of science achievement in common to both these countries.

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Background: Anxious-depressive attack (ADA) is a proposed novel symptom complex associated with anxiety and mood disorders. Its main features are (1) sudden intense distressing emotions with no direct psychological cause, (2) intrusive memories of various negative events, (3) worry and agitation about the details of the rumination and (4) various coping behaviors, including acting out. The author has reported five previous cases of ADA. The present study investigates the clinical significance of ADA.

Method: First, to compare clinical characteristics between subjects with and without ADA, 331 consecutive new outpatients were examined (Study I). Second, because of the similarities between ADA and panic attack, the characteristics of ADA were examined in 65 panic disorder (PD) patients (Study II).

Results: The overall incidence of ADA was 43.2%. In PD and social anxiety disorder patients, those exhibiting ADA were significantly younger and had significantly more severe depression and social anxiety than those without ADA (Study I). In PD patients with ADA, ADA preceded panic attacks, and ADA frequency was correlated with the severity of depression and social anxiety but not with panic symptoms (Study II). ADA was often managed with acting out behavior (Study II).

Conclusion: ADA appears to be relatively common among people with anxiety and mood disorders. We found that ADA was correlated with the severity of social anxiety, but not PD. PD patients exhibited a “seesaw” phenomenon between ADA and panic attacks. ADA may be a core symptom complex of a severe form of anxious depression.

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This longitudinal study investigated the effects of access to sexual content on the internet (SCI) and the timing of first access to SCI on junior high school students' sexual behavior, and examined the relationship between the access to SCI and psychosocial factors (e.g., life skills, self-efficacy and so on). Participants were 356 students who entered a junior high school in Kawaguchi city, Saitama prefecture in 2007 and 2008. Data were collected anonymously at the end of each school year using a questionnaire and 326 students were analyzed who completed surveys at all three time points.

The main results were as follows.

1) Experiences with sexual intercourse and accessing SCI increased with grade. Sexual intercourse increased more between the second and the third grade, while access to SCI increased more between the first and the second grade.

2) Among the students who had never experienced sexual intercourse until the second grade, those who had accessed SCI and those with lower self-efficacy in resisting pressures to participate in sexual behavior were more likely to have had sexual intercourse in the third grade.

3) Students who had accessed SCI until the second grade had more experiences of sexual intercourse in the third grade than students who had initiated accessing SCI in the third grade and who had not accessed SCI.

4) According to the results of multiple logistic regression analysis, among the students who had not accessed SCI at the first grade, male students, those with lower family-related self-esteem, those with lower self-efficacy in resisting pressures to participate in sexual behavior were more likely to have accessed SCI until the second grade.

The results of this study suggest that accessing SCI is the risk factor for the initiation of Japanese junior high school students' sexual intercourse. Further it is needed to develop a prevention program that includes delaying the access to SCI for the reduction of risk behaviors including sexual behavior of junior high school students and conducting such a program from earlier stage of development. Furthermore, it is important to improve the family relationship to effectively delay the access to SCI.

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Many past studies have shown the effects of music listening in many domains. This study aims to investigate the effects of listening to music related to design project on designer's idea generation. The within-subject design was adopted in the experiment. The subject carried out lamp design under listening to music related and unrelated to design project. After the experiment, they performed retrospective reports. The results indicated that listening to music related to the design project can create an atmosphere with the design theme and provide hints to the hearing resources, helping designers guide the direction of idea development. Moreover, while listening to music related to the design project, the majority of subjects can generate more ideas associated with the design theme as well as the episodic memories. Consequently, they tend to express their ideas by the things relevant to design project they usually contact. However, in the situation where music not related to the design project is playing, subjects generate fewer ideas related to the style of design project and they tend to develop their ideas based upon the design elements required for lamp design.

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This study investigates individual noise sensitivity to change in aircraft noise levels for residents living near Fukuoka airport, which has proposed a capacity expansion plan. To understand better peoples' perception of aircraft noise, we introduced a reference point (RP) concept into analysis of noise sensitivity. A field survey consisting of social questionnaires and an innovative headphone interview system were carried out to assess general noise perceptions, annoyance and loudness sensitivities, and indoor noise levels. Different statistical analyses including structural equation modeling (SEM) and Tobit regression were performed. It was found in SEM that there was a reduction in annoyance sensitivity due to an increase in perceived aircraft noise level. Further, results from Tobit regression-based RP indicated that people are more sensitive to decrease in noise level than they are to an increase. Being less sensitive to a larger aircraft noise implies an escalation in noise-accustomed levels.

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