ネパール産の蝶類については,C.Smith,1993によるすぐれた原色リストがある.本報では,故春田俊郎氏およびその協力者の方々によって蓄積された多くの同国産蝶類の知見の中から,前記リストに収録されていない種や記録に留めておきたい種(変異)などを,原色図を介して示した.なお,本編の内容のうち,ジャノメチョウ科,タテハチョウ科,セセリチョウ科は森下が,シロチョウ科,シジミチョウ科は猪又が担当した.また,アゲハチョウ科のParnassius属の各種については猪又が別誌に記録した.

抄録全体を表示

The genus Noezephyrus Shibatani & Ito was discovered from Nepal for the first time. This westernmost population of the genus represents a new and distinct subspecies of N. suroia (Tytler).

抄録全体を表示

Histoplasmosis, caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, is an endemic mycosis in many countries of the world except for Japan. Outbreaks of histoplasmosis among Japanese people are very rare and are mainly imported by travelers. We report an outbreak of histoplasmosis among healthy Japanese people who traveled to a resort area in Southeast Asia. Three young Japanese women traveled to Langkawi island, Malaysia and stayed on the island for five days without visiting caves, a known reservoir of H. capsulatum. All three individuals developed flu-like symptoms with multiple nodule shadows on chest X rays or chest CT scans at around ten days after their return to Japan. Serum samples obtained from the three subjects were positive for anti-Histoplasma antibody and specific PCR for H. capsulatum on lung biopsy specimens and the serum from one patient was positive. The clinical course of all three patients improved without the use of anti-fungal agents and no recurrence has been confirmed. Clinical attendants should consider histoplasmosis when they see patients with flu-like symptoms with abnormal chest X-rays after visiting H. capsulatum endemic areas, especially Southeast Asia.

抄録全体を表示

ミズグモ Argyroneta aquatica は水中で生活する唯一のクモである. 我々は飼育しているミズグモの一日の行動時間配分と生活史に関する観察を行った. 雄は8月中に死亡したが, 雌は翌年まで生存し3, 4個の卵嚢を生涯に産卵した. ミズグモの雌は産卵後, 卵嚢を保護した. 幼体は孵化後約3日後に卵嚢から出てバルーニングではなく, 泳いで分散した. 幼体は翌年の春には成体になった. ミズグモは年1化で生活史を完結するとみられる. クモの活動はビデオに記録し解析を行った. 幼体と成体雌の活動はほとんど夜間に行われた. また, ドーム内でじっとしている時間が長く, 活動している時間は総時間の数パーセント以下であった. 一方, 成体雄は日中も活発に活動した.

抄録全体を表示

The objective of this paper is to identify the source and transport of nitrate in the groundwater aquifers of alluvial fans by stable isotopic techniques. Water samples collected from the precipitation, groundwater, and river water at the western Kofu basin were analysed for the major cations, anions, and isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ¹⁵N). Through the cluster analysis of the cations and anions, two groundwater aquifers formed on the Midai and Kamanashi alluvial fans were identified in the basin. Higher nitrate concentrations were observed in the groundwater aquifers of the Midai alluvial fan, and the values of δ¹⁵N suggest that the major sources of nitrate are the inorganic and organic fertilizers applied in the orchards and paddy fields. The values of δ¹⁸O show that precipitation and river water are sources of recharge in both the aquifers. A strong positive correlation between the nitrate concentration and the δ¹⁸O values of both the groundwater aquifers shows that precipitation water acts as a carrier and river water facilitates dilution in the nitrate loading from terrestrial catchments.

抄録全体を表示

To improve the amino acid production by metabolic engineering, eliminating the pathway bottleneck is known to be very effective. The metabolic response of Methylophilus methylotrophus upon the addition of glucose and of pyruvate was investigated in batch cultivation. We found that the supply of pyruvate is a bottleneck in L-lysine production in M. methylotrophus from methanol as carbon source. M. methylotrophus has a ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway for methanol assimilation, and consequently synthesized fructose-6-phosphate is metabolized to pyruvate via the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway, and the ED pathway is thought to be the main pathway for pyruvate supply. An L-lysine producer of M. methylotrophus with an enhanced ED pathway was constructed by the introduction of the E. coli edd-eda operon encoding the enzyme involving the ED pathway. In this strain, the overall enzymatic activity of ED pathway, which is estimated by measuring the activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase plus 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase, was about 20 times higher than in the parent. This strain produced 1.2 times more L-lysine than the parent producer. Perhaps, then, the supply of pyruvate was a bottleneck in L-lysine production in the L-lysine producer of M. methylotrophus.

抄録全体を表示

The effects of the new anti-platelet agent KBT-3022, ethyl 2-[4, 5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl]pyrrol-1-ylacetate, and its metabolite desethyl KBT-3022 on rabbit neutrophil function were investigated in comparison with the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ticlopidine hydrochloride (TP), cilostazol (CIL) and indomethacin (IM). The adhesion and migration of neutrophils induced by formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) were inhibited by all the compounds tested, their rank order of potency being KBT-3022 = desethyl KBT-3022 > TP = CIL = IM > ASA. KBT-3022, desethyl KBT-3022, CIL and IM all suppressed fMLP-induced increases in the intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) in neutrophils, their potencies correlating with their inhibitory effects on fMLP-induced adhesion and migration. KBT-3022 (1 μM), desethyl KBT-3022 (1-10 μM) and CIL (10 μM) but not IM significantly inhibited both neutrophil migration and the increase in [Ca²⁺]_i induced by leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄). KBT-3022 (1 μM) and desethyl KBT-3022 (1 μM) suppressed the increase in [Ca²⁺]_i induced by complement C5a. Although KBT-3022 and desethyl KBT-3022 did not influence [³H]LTB₄ and [¹²⁵I]C5a specific binding, [³H]fMLP specific binding was inhibited by desethyl KBT-3022 (IC₅₀: 1.9 μM). Neutrophil adhesion and superoxide anion production stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate were partially inhibited by KBT-3022 (1 μM) and desethyl KBT-3022 (1-10 μM). These results suggest that KBT-3022 and desethyl KBT-3022 have a wider spectrum of action and are more potent inhibitors of neutrophil activation than ASA, TP, CIL and IM.

抄録全体を表示