The wear tests on several kinds of special cast steels, “Adamite” cast steel s and a “Ductile” cast iron were carried out, using a Nishihara's wear testing machine, the load being 20Kg, and the slip .09% in the absence of lubricant.
The wear resistivities of the normalized cast steels containing 0.56-0.91% carbon increased with increases in both the hardness and the carbon content of the steel. In these cases, it was found that for the lower carbon steel, adhesive were firstly occured and followed by oxidation wear, while only oxidation wear for the higher carbon steel.
“Adamite” cast steels containing 1.46-2.26% carbon were mainly worn by abrasive wear, which resulted in less superior wear resistivities than those of the lower carbon cast steels. There was a contrary tendency such that their total wear loss increased with increases in the hardness and carbon content.
A “Ductile” cast iron (3.38%C) was found to have a far superior property than the others, owing to the protective lubrication of free graphite contained within itself.

抄録全体を表示

Two dimensional numerical analysis of Darrieus turbine is carried out with an Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equation and a structured mesh configuration using overset grid approach. It is confirmed that the calculations are in agreement with the experimental results for the tip speed ratio more than two at which the maximum power coefficient is obtained by the experiment. It is possible to solve the flow field around the turbine by the URANS in reasonable calculation time and the result practical enough is obtained in the flow field where the tip speed ratio is comparatively high and the separation is small.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, the focus of analysis is the Moral Reform Movement, which lasted for several decades after the Glorious (1688-). The city of Bristol is taken as a case study of the Movement outside of the capital. There were two institutions in Bristol which initiated the Moral Reform Movement in the post-Glorious Revolution era. One was the Corporation of the Poor, the other was the Society for the Reformation of Manners (SRM). The moral treatment of the poor through the establishment of workhouses was the most important task of the Corporation, which was founded in 1696. The origins of the SRM in Bristol can be traced back to 1700. The central task of SRM in Bristol was to provide information concerning vicious persons to local constables, in order to make prosecutions of such persons more efficient. There are slightly different ideologies underlying the Corporation of the Poor and SRM. The former made effors mainly for the city's own interests, while the latter worked for the whole English nation. Though SRM was not a branch some organization in London and was managed independently by Bristolians, it had been getting instructions and information from other reformation societies in London. As far as the Moral Reform Movement in Bristol is concerned, at least three different intentions can be identified. Firstly, there were those of the Williamites, who intended to strengthen the integration of the English nation through the Movement in order to protect it from the "vicious" Catholic state, of France. Secondly, there were the intentions of the city elite as a whole for whom the economic issue was probably most important. Lastly, there were the intentions of two political groups, the Tories and the Whigs. Through the Movement, those political groups attempted to increase the numbers of their respective supporters to use in a battle of power against each other. To sum up, these diverse intentions could emerge and 'coexisit' only in the special social context of the post-Glorious Revolution era. By the time of the Hanoverian Succession, the Movement in Bristol had almost entirely dissolved at the local level and stopped functioning as a national movement. However, what historians should remind themselves of concerning these events is the fact that through participating in the post-Glorious Revolution Moral Reform Movement, some urban elite were forced to think more about national issues in the contekt of international power politics, than they would have otherwise. This experience was no doubt built upon as later generations participated in various movements for national reform in the 1760s and 1780s, in which the question of morals was still one of the main topics on the agenda.

抄録全体を表示

The locally one-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in cylindrical coordinates is extended to a frequency-dependent version. The fundamental scheme is utilized to perform matrix-operator-free formulations in the right-hand sides. For the analysis of surface plasmon polaritons propagating along a plasmonic grating, the computation time is significantly reduced to less than 10%, compared with the explicit cylindrical FDTD method.

抄録全体を表示

Turn-milling is a method of machining a workpiece while rotating it using a rotary tool, and has been widely used recently because a multi-tasking machine having both a turning function and a milling function has been developed. In this machining method, a spiral pattern peculiar to the machined surface is generated. In this report, turn mill processing using an NC lathe and an air spindle is applied and the application method of the resulting miniaturized processing pattern is considered.

抄録全体を表示

A new visualization technique is introduced to know the shape of liquid surface. This method, which we named 'K-Moire method' is excellent in the point that it is possible to see very small disturbances of the surface with high resolution compared with ordinary grid lighting Moire method.
In this paper detailed technique for the visualization is explained. The grid used here is made of nylon string 0.23mm in diameter which is arranged with 0.5mm pitch using screw notch.
The lines in the pattern observed is not defined as contour lines, but the pattern could be reproduced by digital plotter after numerical analysis.
Experimental examples are presented for simple surface shapes, which are paraboloid of revolution and combined vortex. For both cases the computer plots are shown together, and they agreed with experimental results pretty well.

抄録全体を表示

The fast breeder reactor (FBR) uses liquid sodium as a primary coolant, and is characterized by operation at high temperature and under atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the main vessels are essentially required to cope with thermal stresses in the structural design. To reduce such stresses, it is necessary to make the vessel walls as thin as possible. This makes it indispensable to study the stability of reactor structures against buckling under earthquake loadings. However, it generally takes an enormous amount of computer time to execute dynamic buckling analysis by the finite element method. The purpose of the present paper is to describe the development of an elastic-plastic large-displacement analysis computer program for shells of revolution with high efficiency as a first step, which will be finished at final step of elastic-plastic dynamic buckling analysis including fluid-structure interaction.

抄録全体を表示

The flow behavior of particles was studied with particular attention to the effect of the inclination of a storage vessel and/or turn table of a table feeder. The effect of a converging hopper of the storage vessel and the effect of scrappers were also studied.
It was found that the particle flow was intensely distorted by slight inclination (as small as two degrees) of the storage vessel or the turn table. The distortion is found to be more intense for the vessel inclination than for the table inclination, and becomes more intense as the inclination increases. The discharge rate of the feeder increases exponentially with the angle of inclination. The flow distortion was, however, controlled by using scrapers at suitable positions.
It was also found that a new theoretical equation for a cylindrical vessel was successfully adapted for estimation of the effect of skirt clearance on the discharge rate of a table feeder.

^† This report was originally printed in J. Soc. Powder Technology, Japan, 20 (8), 479-485 (1983) in Japanese, before being translated into English by KONA Editorial Committee with the permission of the editorial committee of the Soc. Powder Technology, Japan.

抄録全体を表示

We study Chen-finite type surfaces of revolution in E³ which contain two affine circles through each point. First, we prove that they can be obtained by revolving an ellipse on a suitable axis and then we show that only the 2-dimensional sphere is of finite type.

抄録全体を表示

The phenomenon of three-dimensional separation of the flow over a slender body at high angles of attack is difficult to model and still challenging problem. The singularity of the flow is caused by mutual intervention of threedimensional separation and separated vortices. In this study, the flow in the cross-flow separation region of an axisymmetric paraboloid at 30, 40, and 50deg angle of attack has been investigated experimentally by hot wire anemometer. Reynolds numbers are 9.0×10³ and 1.8×10⁴ referred to the base diameter. X-type probe was used to measure three dimensional velocity fluctuations over the axisymmetric paraboloid at sampling time of 4kHz. It has been shown that the lift-off and mergence of vortices can be explained by r.m.s. distribution of velocity fluctuations. Reynolds stress and the difference between probability density function and normal distribution oscillates where the kink of vortex is observed.

抄録全体を表示

This paper describes a new anti-broaching steering system. This system aims to prevent broaching, which is the major mode of capsizing or large roll angle for a relatively high-speed ship in following and quartering seas. It is a kind of auto pilot system that realises extremely large rudder angle for small deviation from the desired course. Experiment was carried out in a seakeeping and manoeuvring basin for a self-propelled model equipped with the anti-broaching steering system. While the model suffered typical broaching in quartering waves with a conventional auto pilot, the model with this steering system successfully avoided broaching under the same operational and environmental conditions.

抄録全体を表示

The sticking behavior of several austenitic and ferritic stainless steels under the hot rolling conditions was examined in detail using a two disk type hot rolling simulator. The sticking of bare metal to roll surfaces was strongly dependent on the high temperature tensile strength and the oxidation resistance of the stainless steel. A steel having higher tensile strength and lower oxidation resistance exhibited better resistance against sticking. The sticking occurred in increasing severity in the order of 430J1L, 436L, 430 and 409L. It was clarified that a high speed steel (HSS) roll was more beneficial to prevent sticking compared to a Hi-Cr roll.

抄録全体を表示

In recent years, the quality of the machined surfaces of molds for optical or medical instruments has needed improvement, and the fabrication of mirrored surfaces by means of cutting only has been gaining in importance. In order to obtain smooth surfaces, it is necessary to reduce various vibrations in the machine tool during the machining process. Many factors cause vibration in a machine tool, including feed mechanisms, pumps, and chatter. A high-speed spindle for precision machining is one source of vibration, but it is a challenge to avoid the non-repeatable run-out (NRRO) of a spindle. This study has developed an excitation system that can reduce the influence of non-repeatable run-out on machining surfaces. This paper presents a newly-developed excitation system with an excitation unit for each the X and Y direction. The excitation units consist of a voice coil motor and leaf springs, fixed on a spindle head. The tool run-out and vibration of the spindle head are measured by a displacement sensor and an acceleration sensor fixed on the spindle head, and their NRRO components are obtained through extraction using band-pass filters. By using these NRRO components as feedback signals, the excitation unit generates the force to cancel the NRRO of the tool. In order to determine the performance of the developed system, experimental evaluation was performed on a vertical 3-axis machining center. Since the spindle used for evaluation had three bearings, the measured NRRO of the tool had three peaks in the frequency domain. First, we conducted evaluation experiments under non-machining conditions, and all NRRO peaks were reduced by applying the developed system. Furthermore, there was no interference of the excitation units in the X and Y directions. Next, we evaluated the influence of the NRRO of the tool on the machining surface under finish machining conditions. The reduction in NRRO components in the measured surface profiles was observed through feedback. It was concluded that the developed system can reduce the influence of NRRO on machining surfaces.

抄録全体を表示

In this study, the authors investigate improving the precision of a thread by deriving its radial force (thrust force) with a four-component piezoelectric dynamometer and thread cutting by helical interpolation motion using a thread mill. The accuracy of the thread is discussed with respect to changing hardness of the work material. In addition, by recording the position information at the time of thread cutting from the servo guide on the data logger, the relationships among the cutting forces of the four components and the radial force are confirmed by various methods; further, the consistency of these relationships was confirmed.

抄録全体を表示

This paper describes the results of the investigation of the possibility of high-speed and stable acrylic spinning with rotary rings. Results of the test are as follows:
(1) The wear of travellers on the rotary ring is far less than that on the stationary ring.
(2) At high-speed (15, 500rpm), yarn fluffs caused by the rotary ring are significantly less than those by the stationary ring.
(3) Strength and elongation of single yarns produced by the rotary ring are superior to those by the stationary ring under certain spinning conditions (at 15, 500rpm and at the start of the spinning). But no significant difference is found under other conditions.
(4) At high-speed rotating, melt yarn by the rotary ring is less than that by the stationary ring.
(5) Yarn end-down and traveller fly-away with the rotary ring are significantly lower than those with the stationary ring.
(6) The power consumption by the rotary ring does not differ from that by the stationary ring. From the above results, it is concluded that the rotaty ring is effective for high-speed spinning of acrylic yarns.

抄録全体を表示

近年,コバネガ,スイコバネガ,およびコウモリガなどのいわゆる原始的な蛾類の胚発生が明らかにされるにつれ,これらの蛾類と胚発生のよく知られている二門類との系統関係が,発生学的にも論じられるようになった.しかし,モグリチビガ科の属するいわゆる単門類(Monotrysia)の胚発生についてはまとまった報告はない.本報では,この科に属するシイモグリチビガStigmella castanopsiellaの胚発生の概要を生卵および固定卵の観察に基づき記載した.本種の卵は5月に食樹のスダジイの葉の表面に1個づつ産下される.卵は長径0.4mm,短径0.3mm,厚さ0.06mmの平たい楕円体で,発生が進むにつれて,厚さのみが0.1mmに増大する.卵期間は約4.5ヶ月で,卵は夏の胚休眠を経て10月に孵化する.胚盤葉は産卵後3日目に完成し,5日目に卵腹面に胚盤が形成される(Fig.1).胚盤はやがて卵腹面の中央部に集中し円盤状の胚原基となるが,この際,胚原基と胚外域との境界部が切れて,後者が前者の腹面を覆うように伸展して漿膜がまず完成し,羊膜はこれとは独立に形成されることが示唆された(Figs 2,3).その後,胚原基は細長い小さな胚帯(胚)となり,この状態で9月初旬まで休眠に入る(Figs 4,5).休眠から覚めた胚は卵黄中に沈んだ状態で急速に成長し,胚の姿勢転換を経て初令幼虫が完成する(Figs 6-11).漿膜と羊膜は姿勢転換後も破れず存在し,したがって二次背器は形成されない.また,卵黄は姿勢転換後も胚の外側に残存し,これは完成した初令幼虫によって孵化するまでに中腸内に飲み込まれる.本種の卵は,小さな胚原基が形成される点や卵の体積が増大する点で原始的な性質を残しているが,胚発生の様式は全体としてコバネガやコウモリがなどの原始的な蛾の発生様式よりも二門類のそれに近似している.とりわけ,胚原基と胚子膜の形成様式が二門類に特有とされた断層型に属すると思われる点や,孵化直前まで胚が卵黄中に沈んだ状態で発生する点は,本種と二門類の発生における固有特化形質と見なすことが出来る.したがって,今回得られた発生学的知見は,本種を含むいわゆる単門類と二門類が単系統群のHeteroneuraを構成するという見解と矛盾しない.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, the authors consider three-dimensional elastic problems on a circular hollow cylinder under the axially symmetrical deformations. The problems on the cylinder are classified into twelve fundamental cases according to boundary conditions. The general solution to various problems was obtained by expanding each elementary formula to the condition in a form of a Fourier and Bessel series and by superposing the stress systems. As numerical examples, the stress distributions and deformations of a finite hollow cylinder subjected to uniform band pressure were calculated by the digital computer of Kanazawa University (NEAC-2230). This pressure is distributed circularly over the end-surface and over the middle zone of the inner or outer-surface.

抄録全体を表示

An aim of this paper is to compare a proposed simple model for the target strength (TS) of swimbladder fish with existing models. Through the comparison we verify the validity of the simple model. Particularly, two more sophisticated models are compared with: namely, the exactly solvable soft spheroid model and the ray-Kirchhoff approximate model. The comparisons show that at high frequencies or intermediate frequencies the present model can yield results in reasonable agreement with that from the other two models respectively. Indirect comparison with experimental data is also briefly made. It is shown that the model may facilitate general calculation of the target strength of swimbladder fish.

抄録全体を表示