The purpose of this study was to clarify the flow pattern inside a rotating drum that was abruptly accelerated from rest to a constant steady speed of rotation. Observations were made by flow visualization using light sheet methods and by measuring the time history of the velocity using LDV for 24 cases with 3 sizes of drum, liquid with 4 different viscosities, and 4 speeds of rotation. The experimental results are expressed in terms of two nondimensional parameters : π₁, which is determined by the viscosity of the liquid, the speed of rotation, and the size of the drum ; and π₂, which indicates the time required to attain a constant steady speed. The relationship between these two nondimensional numbers is given by a single formula. Prior to an experiment, π₁ was fixed and the time required to attain a constant steady speed was estimated from this relationship using π₂.

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Theoretical and experimental studies were conducted in order to establish a method of computing the strength of hoisting for windlasses. It was assumed that external pressure is the only external force applied to a hoisting drum. Further, the strength of the hoisting drum was discussed in terms of the strength of the cylindrical parts and the strength of the stiffening rings. Each of the 16 model failed due to the yielding of either the cylindrical parts or the stiffening rings. As a result of the research, it was made clear that the initial deflection of the hoisting drum has a considerable effect on the strength, and formulas were obtained for computing the strength of the drum. Finally, applicability of these results to actual design of hoisting was discussed.

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Wooden cable are used for transporting and installing communication cables. They are used outdoors and are easily damaged by mishandling and use in harsh environments. Recently, plastic have been considered as a possible replacement for wooden . However, plastic products are made from oil, fossil fuel, and their environmental effects are much debated. We have conducted a field survey, and used it as a basis for models. We have also undertaken an inventory analysis and impact assessment. The results are sensitive to drum weight and the number of times the drum is reused. We also discuss a way to reduce the environmental impact of these plastic .

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The term "membranophone" means "making sound" with a vibrating membrane". The Taiko in Japan are an example of primitive membranophones, and have various types and performance styles. This report discribes the performance style of Japanese . Small Taiko of the Cylindrical and Frame types are light in weight, such as the portable one for Taiko drum dance. On the other hand, Japanese tacked Barrel have hard and heavy Hollowed zelcoba and other woods for the body, even if they are big. They are supported by the drum stands, carring rod and the "Hikiyama" froats. The ways of keeping make the performance style of Japanese .

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We present in this study that particle segregation in rotating can be controlled by end wall rotations. While the end wall rotational speed dominates the time required for reaching the steady state, the rotational direction of the end walls determines the segregation patterns and the shearing zone size. New segregation patterns with two well-mixed regions close to the end walls are observed in the with the end wall rotates in the direction opposite to the cylindrical wall. The end wall rotation causes the formation of the local valley and hill next to the wall. Particles flow into the valley and down the hill causing the formation of the convective flow cell at bed surface. It is the difference of the axial velocities between the large particles and small particles close to the end walls separating the particles of difference sizes in the axial direction. The controlling of the end wall roughness and rotating directions effectively enlarge the size of the end wall shearing zone; resulting segregation patterns which are different from the previous simple segregation band patterns.

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Micro heat pipe reactors are potential in remote areas, space, marine and other special environments. The heterogeneity and characteristic sensitivity in the geometry of microreactor designs challenge current tools in reactor physic analysis. A Monte Carlo (MC) global homogenization method is proposed in this paper. The calculation scheme uses the continuous-energy MC method to generate multi-group cross-sections (MGXS) for all regions needed in a 3D heterogeneous whole-core model. The superhomogenization (SPH) algorithm is implemented to correct the MGXS datasets. The MGXS generated by the method is verified in a micro heat pipe benchmark with the Monte Carlo multi-group (MCMG) transport solver. The locally heterogeneous structures such as control

are retained. The Results showed that the core reactivity and power distribution can be accurately predicted by the MCMG simulation with MGXS generated in 3D whole core and SPH correction. The locally heterogeneous model exhibits good performance in modeling heterogeneous structures. MCMG calculation can save significant computation time compared to the continuous-energy MC method.

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On playing , it is important to master the correct stroking order. Drummers are required to learn the drum rudiment to play efficiently. Generally, musical scores for do not have the annotation that indicates which hand drummers use to stroke each drum, left or right. Although drum teachers handwrite such annotation on the musical score, there is not the system that generates the musical score indicating the hitting hand on playing automatically. In this research, we proposed a musical score generating system that indicates the hitting hand to stroke each drum. Our proposed STICK TRACK recognizes the hitting hand on the basis of the data of a gyro sensor that are embedded in the drum sticks and MIDI message from an electronic drum. We constructed the prototype system and evaluated its effectiveness.

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This report discribes the " Tsudureko Odaiko matsuri" (the great drum festival), an annual event of the Tsudureko Shrine in Takanosu City, Akita Prefecture. There are three of the huge barrel type , "Tsudureho Odaiho", that appear in the event. One of the registered in Guinness Book of Records. This drum has a diameter of 3.71 meters. The tub-shaped bodies of these are made of cedar (Akita Sugi). The wood for these is twisted and bound with bamboo bands. Cowhide is used for the membranes (drum-heads) of the . The people in Tsudureko join the whole event, and many of them play the Hayashi music on the "Tsudureko Odaiko". Power of the sound was leading up to these huge as we see today.

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In this paper the author investigates the axisymmetric vibrations of a thin drum which consists of a circular cylindrical shell and two circular end plates. He obtains the Lagrangian of a drum from the ones of a cylindrical shell and two plates using the conditions of continuity and then gets the frequency equations and the displacements minimizing the Lagrangian. If the length is sufficiently large in comparison with the radius, the vibrations of drum are much the same as the ones of cylindrical shell free at both ends. So we can say that the influence of the end plates is negligible in such a case. But the decrease of its length causes the increase of its frequency and the vibrations of its plate to shift to the higher mode patterns successively, while the ones of its cylindrical shell shift to the lower ones correspondingly. If the radius is very large in comparison with the length, the vibrations become nearly the same as the ones of the circular plate clamped or free on the edge circle.

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This study aims to clarify the current status of the preservation and utilization of Rural People Interaction Heritage Systems (RPIHS) for the restoration of depopulated rural areas based on a case study of Nigishi District Kurokami Shrine′s traditional festival which is located in Wajima City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. It is highlighted in this study, that the daily activities are linked with RPIHS. It is a remarkable discovery in backing up RPIHS that the organizations supporting the daily activities of the residents and RPIHS are highly linked. In order to effectively utilize and maintain the RPIHS in the future, it is crucial to determine what kind of activities and organizations are connected to the RPIHS to jointly support RPIHS. In order to accomplish this, coordination among the related policies becomes crucial and important.

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In this paper, we discuss a computational model of an automatic jazz session system that is statistically trainable model using lead sheet and jazz session data, in addition, we provide an implementation as prototype system based on this model. In contrast to most previous jazz session systems that required heuristic rules and the human labeling of training data to estimate musical intention of human players, we suggested a statistically trainable mathematical model of jazz session using stochastic state transition model approximating a musical trajectory model. Based on the model, we developed a jazz session system as a prototype using concatenation of case data from real jazz session recordings to show the validity of our model. This system consists of training phase and concatenating phase. In the training phase, the system learns some parameters to classify the piano, bass, and

data using non-negative matrix factorization, and calculates the chain probabilities by trigram and co-occurrence probabilities between piano, bass, and . In the concatenating phase, the system estimates musical states of bass and from piano midi-format input, searches and selects a suitable musical data from case data, and concatenates a musical data matching the key between input piano and bass. As a result of the comparative evaluation experiment using some concatenated midi-format data by above methods, our system was found to generate a jazz piano trio musical data having naturalness and shown validity of our proposing model.

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This paper develops a numerical method to analyze the membrane vibration of a membranophone with nonuniform heads, in which the density and tension vary smoothly. A spectral method is applied to numerically analyze the wave equation governing a membrane with spatially varying areal density and tension. An Indian drum tabla, representing nonuniform density, and a typical drum tom tom with several tension rods, representing nonuniform tension, are analyzed using the proposed numerical method to determine their eigenfrequencies and eigenmode shapes.

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The Bell and Drum Tower system is the most representative of the symmetrical temple pavilions of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This system existed in palaces and cities before appearing in Buddhist temples. Currently, research on the formative background of the Bell and Drum Towers is hard to find. This study aims to examine the formative background of this layout system. The results are as follows:
Firstly, the abolition of the Bell and Drum Tower system within palaces allowed for the Towers to be built freely in cities and temples. This system eventually became the most widely used layout scheme for cities and temples in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Secondly, the evolution of the symmetrical layout in Buddhist temples eventually became finalized as the Bell and Drum Towers. In the process, the Bell Tower changed pairs multiple times, in chronological order: the Sutra Tower, the Revolving Sutra Tower, other Pavilions, and finally, the Drum Tower.

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The playability of various snare has been investigated. Although snare are very popular, the differences in their playability have not been reported. Here, the motions in performances using an acoustic snare drum (AD) and three electronic snare (ED1, ED2, and ED3) were analyzed, and the relationship between the characteristics of rebound and electromyograms (EMG) on the players’ arms was investigated. The rebound coefficient as the characteristic of rebound was used to obtain the difference in the drumhead for each snare drum. Ten drummers (five professional and five intermediate players) were asked to play single strokes in sixteen measures under five different tempi. Surface EMG signals from their performances on four different snare were recorded. Drummers were instructed to play the under two different strengths of 40 and 70% of their maximum EMGs by observing their EMGs in real time. (Our system was used to display EMGs.) Surface EMG signals of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle of both arms were then measured. EMG signals upon playing ED1, ED2, and ED3 were compared with those for playing AD. Obtained EMGs of intermediate players playing the electric drum with the highest rebound coefficient were found to be stronger than those for playing the acoustic snare drum, whereas those of professional were found to be less, implying that only professional drummers can take advantage of the rebound feature to suppress the physical load when drumming.

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  The magnetic properties of alumite magnetic film and its application are investigated. The alumite magnetic film is known to perpendicular magnetic media. The preparation process of alumite magnetic film is controlled to get the maximum energy product. This film was formed on the side of rotary , and multipolariy magnetized, then assembled with MR sensor to new precision magnetic rotaty encoders. And the properties of magnetic anisotropy, magnetic output dependance on recording wavelength λ related to magnetised depth were discussed.

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Dengue fever (DF), one of the most important emerging arboviral diseases, is transmitted through the bite of container breeding mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. A household entomological survey was conducted in Dhaka from August through October 2000 to inspect water-holding containers in indoor, outdoor, and rooftop locations for Aedes larvae. The objective of this study was to determine mosquito productivity of each container type and to identify some risk factors of households infested with Aedes larvae. Of 9,222 households inspected, 1,306 (14.2%) were positive for Aedes larvae. Of 38,777 wet containers examined, 2,272 (5.8%) were infested with Aedes larvae. Containers used to hold water, such as earthen jars, tanks, and were the most common containers for larval breeding. Tires in outdoor and rooftop locations of the households were also important for larval breeding. Although present in abundance, buckets were of less importance. Factors such as independent household, presence of a water storage system in the house, and fully/partly shaded outdoors were found to be significantly associated with household infestation of Aedes larvae. Identification and subsequent elimination of the most productive containers in a given area may potentially reduce mosquito density to below a level at which dengue transmission may be halted.

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In this study, we define stochastic models for tight and loose groove feelings and propose an evaluation system for the groove feelings evoked by drum sounds. There are two main types of groove feelings, tight and loose, and they are known among professional musicians and music enthusiasts. These groove models are defined as a bivariate normal distribution with deviations for snare and bass

as random variables. As an application of these models, we propose our evaluation system, in which a monaural, polyphonic drum set recordings is input and evaluations regarding tight and loose are output. We conducted an evaluation experiment and showed that this system correctly identifies tight and loose groove feelings.

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In the process of nuclear energy application, a certain amount of radioactive solid waste will be generated, and some of them are not available for direct disposal for various reasons, so some temporary storage facilities need to be established for storing the waste. In order to save operation cost, sometimes there is centralized temporary storage of radioactive solid waste, and in this case, a large amount of radioactive solid waste is stored in the temporary waste storage and the source of the waste is relatively complex. Generally such facilities have a large number of waste

(usually more than 200 ) and strong radiation sources, significant sky backscattering, complex shielding schemes and other key elements to be considered in the shielding analysis. In this article, a nuclear power plant radioactive waste temporary storage facility is chosen as the research object, typical radiation source is selected and modeled using the Monte Carlo method to study and analyze the key elements of radiation shielding for a multi-source storage facility.

The results of the study show that the thickness of the outer wall of the facility, the height of the outer wall, the storage capacity, the radiation source items in the facility, the thickness of the top shielding, and the top shielding of the radiation source can all influence the shielding effect of the multi-source radioactive waste storage facility. Afterwards, this article combines the characteristics of multi-source storage facilities from the influencing factors, and conducts shielding optimization analysis for different treatment processes and plant structures. In the subsequent radiation protection design of similar shielding facilities, the conclusions of this article can be used for radiation protection analysis as well as optimization to ensure that the dose to the environment around the facility and the public meets the requirements.

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