A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.

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The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MCT-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MCT-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-,,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MCT-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MCT-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (), cholesta-,,6β-triol (4), -dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MCT-1 cells were increased .0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, , and 6 did not induce MCT-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C-6 of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MCT-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MCT-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), blaCTX-M-

3

(16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (

3

) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%),

D₁

(

9

.

5

%), A₀ (

7

.4%),

B2₂

(

5

.

3

%) and

B2₃

(4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.

3

, 10.

5

and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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In order to study the distribution of phthalates (. M. P., . . P., . . P., . . H. P.) Carbonyl-¹⁴C-phthalate was administrated orally to the rats, and mice;
The highest concentration of radioactirity in blood and tissue was observed at about 30min-1 hrs after administration and gradually decreased,
The relatively highest concentration of radioactivity was found in the kidney and liver; Radioactivity was rapidly excreted almost in the Urin and ratio of excretion in feces and urine, amounted to 4% and 90% (. M. P.) 25% and % (. . P.) 20% and 41% (. . P.) % and 41% (. . H. P.) respectively within 144hr,

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Melithasterols A- (1-4), isolated from a gorgoinan coral Melithaea ocracea of Okinawa, were shown to be cholestane-, 24-methyl--dehydrocholestane-, -dehydrocholestane-, and 24-methylenecholestane-derivatives. respectively, having a common β, α -dihydroxy-α, 6α-epoxy-Δ^ steroid nucleus. This was confirmed by direct comparison with the authentic sample prepared by lead tetra-acetate oxydation of cholest-6-ene- β, α, α-triol -monoacetate. Twelve new polyhydroxysterols were isolated from an Alcyonium sp. (,,), and Sclerophytum sp. (14,16,19,20,21,a,23,26,28) soft corals collected off the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean. All the Sclerophytum sp. soft corals contained 17a or its 25-deacetyl derivative. Compounds to were identified as 24-methylenecholest--ene- β, 16β-diol--0-α-L fucoside () and its β-() and α-hydroxy () derivatives. Compound 14 was shown to be 24S-24-methylcholest--ene-β,25ξ,26-triol and was correlated to the known compound 15 by α, 6β-glycolation. Compound 16 was shown to be β, 6α-isomer of 17, correlating to 17 by PCC oxidation followed by dehydration. Compound 19 was identified with 25-deacetyl derivative of the known compound lobosterol (19a) by hydrolysis of authentic lobosterol. Compounds 20 and 21 were shown to be -dehydro-(20) and -dehydro-(21) derivative of 17a and 17, respectively, by comparisons of their spectral data with reference compounds. Compounds a and 23 were 24S-methylcholestane-β, α 25-triol-6-one 25-monoacetate (a) and its 25-deacetoxyl derivative (23). Partial PCC oxidation of 17a afforded a. Compounds 26 (andamansterol) and 28 (nicobarsterol) were shown to be gorgost--ene-β, α. 11α, 21-tetrol and novel secosteroid, 11,21-cyclo--homo-11-oxa-, 11-secoergostane-β, 6α, 12ξ-triol--one, respectively, by spectral analyses (H-HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC).

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The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.mol%Ni-6.0mol%Mo-.mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.mol%Ni-2.mol%Mo-30.mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.6mol%Mo-10.mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
P₁:L (1812K, 34.mol%Ni-42.mol%Mo-.mol%)+MoB=+
P₂:L (1633K, 42.mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.mol%)+Mo=+
:L (1812K, 53.mol%Ni-33.mol%Mo-12.mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.6mol%W-17.4mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-.0mol%W-.0mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.mol%W-29.mol%)=++
P₁:L (2115K, 23.mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%)+WB=+
P₂:L (1657K, 48.mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.0mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

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Agaricus blazei is an important fungus for producing bioactive compounds. There are some reports of polysaccharides and steroid derivatives from the fruiting bodies of A. blazei. However, the chemical examination of the secondary metabolites of the cultured mycelia of this species has not been reported. Eight compounds, an unprecedented skeleton have been isolated from the cultured mycelia of A. blazei. The structures of the novel compounds each named blazeispirols A (1), (2), C (), (4), () X(6), Y () and Z () were confirmed by extensive 1 and 2 NMR spectral data and X-ray analysis. Blazeispirols A (1), (2), C (), (4) and () were des-A-ergostane type compounds having spiroacetal structure as a side chain. Blazeispirols X (6) and Y () were determined to be (20S, S, 23R, 24S)-1 (10→6) abeo-14β, :, 25-diepoxyergosta-,,,11-tetraene-α,23-diol and (20S, S, 23R, 24S)-14β,:,25-diepoxy-,23-dihydroxyergosta-4,,11-triene-,6-dione by comparison of extensive 1 and 2 NMR spectral data with that of blazeispirol A. The biosynthesis of blazeispirol A was investigated by feeding ^<13>C-labeled acetates and methionine to the growing cultures of A. blazei. The labeling patterns of 1 derived from singly and doubly ^<13>C-labeled acetates were consistent with that of ergosterol reported previously except for the A-ring and then ^<14>C-labeled ergosterol was incorporated into blazeispirol A. Taking the structures of blazeispirols Z and into consideration, it can be assumed that blazeispirol A is biosynthesized from ergosterol by the cleavage of C-4, C- and C-1, C-10 bonds on retro aldol condensation and Michael reaction via such as intermediate A as shown in Fig. 4. A large number of ergostane-type steroids have been isolated from many fungi. However, blazeispirol A is the first example of a naturally occurring des-A-ergostane-type steroid including a spiroacetal structure moiety as a side chain.

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In Japan, aseptic meningitis cases due to enterovirus infections increase every summer in various degrees with an incidence peak usually in July. During the past 11 years from 1981 through 1991, a total of , 595 enterovirus isolations from aseptic meningitis cases were reported from 54 participating laboratories. Eight enterovirus types caused large epidemics; more than 100 isolations of each type from aseptic meningitis cases were reported for every epidemic year of the respective type. They were coxsackievirus (C) types and , echovirus () types 4, 6, , , 18 and 30. Among these, the highest meningitisassociating frequency was reported for 30, representing .6% of the total isolations reported for the type during this period, followed by 4, 71.1%. The frequencies of , , 6 and CB were in a range from 54.% to 44.4%, while that of 18 was 37.% and that of CB 21.0%. During the epidemics, enterovirusassociated meningitis was most frequently reported among children of 4- years of age. High frequencies were also shown in infants less than 1-year of age in some types. A total of 4, 240 enteroviruses were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of aseptic meningitis cases, representing 49.% of the cases with enterovirus isolation.

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Brassinolide analogues, (R, 23R, 24R)-2α, , , 23-tetrahydroxy--homo--oxa--ergostan-6-one (24-epibrassinolide) (10) and (S, 23S, 24R)-2α, , , 23-tetrahydroxy--homo--oxa--ergostan-6-one (), were synthesized from brassicasterol (a) in five steps and with ca. 20% overall yield. The key steps are the direct formation of (, 24R)-, -cyclo--ergost--en-6-one (4) from brassicasterol mesylate (), the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 4 to (, 24R)--ergosta-2, -dien-6-one (6), and the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the tetrahydroxy -ergostan-6-ones and .

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The effect of composition and controlled thermomechanical process parameters on the mechanical properties of HSLA steels is modelled using the Widrow-Hoff's concept of training a neural net with feed-forward topology by applying Rumelhart's back propagation type algorithm for supervised learning, using a Petri like net structure. The data used are from laboratory experiments as well as from the published literature. The results from the neural network are found to be consistent and in good agreement with the experimented results.

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Three new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, epigomisin O(1), gomisin () and angeloylgomisin Q(26), were isolated from the fruits of Schizandra chinensis BAILL.(Schizandraceae), which are used as an antitussive and a tonic under the names of "Hoku-gomisi" in Japan and "Wu-wei-zi" in China. 1) The structure of epigomisin O(1) was elucidated by correlation with known lignans, gomisins O(2) and N(4). 2) Oxidation of 4 with KMnO_4 in a mixture of 2% NaOH and pyridine gave compounds and . Further oxidation of with KMnO_4 gave . Reduction of with NaBH_4 afforded deangeloylgomisin (6). The structure of gomisin () was elucidated by the same reaction to correlate with a known lignan, gomisin (). ) The cleavage of the methylenedioxy group on the aromatic ring with Pb(OAc)_4 in dry benzene into diphenol was studied(19-→19-). The structure of angeloylgomisin Q(26) was elucidated by the use of the above reaction to correlate with 6.

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The material consists of 120 sides of 60 Japanese fetus from to 10 months old. These 120 specimens were classified after the participating roots of the spinal nerves in 15 forms and types (I-V).
In the II and III types, which occur together in 83.% and may be called normal, the plexus consists of Rr. anteriores of Th₁₂, -, (II, 32.%) or L₁, - (X, 50.%). In the type IV (.0%) and V (.%) are the roots of the plexus shifted caudal so that S, gives the share for the formation of the plexus, while in the type I (.%) cranial so that the most caudal root of the plexus is S₂.
According to the forms of N. femoralis and ischiadicus which are the main parts of the plexus the type II is classified in (a, , c, , ), III in 4 (a, , c, ), IV in 2 (a, ), and V in (a, , c).(Fig 1-13)
In animals the form of the plexus lumbosacralis is very simple, among them the mammals have the most complex forms which resemble to the man's plexus. In our 120 specimens there are 17 more simple and more complex forms.
Among our specimens there are 2 the most primitive forms of the brachial plexus, more primitive inclined. In the former 2 the lumbosacral plexus is a little simple and primitive in one specimen, while in the other not simple, but a little more complex, in the latter one is simple, 2 is complex while the other 4 specimens normal.(Fig.14, 15) So there is no intimate correlation between Plexus brachialis and lumbosacralis in the phylogenetic primitiveness.
After the frequency of the furcal nerve (Jhering) which occurs in L4 (.%) or L (17.%) there is no difference between our Japanese and German (Eisler) or English (Paterson).(Table 4) In our one example of type V form c there is no furcal, no lumbosacral trunk.(Fig. 10)
When our specimens are arranged after Bardeen and Elting the most frequent form . i. median origin occurs in 57.%, the proximal origin in 24.1%, distal origin in 18.%, while in case of the American white 36., 47. and 16.2 respectively.
There is no specimen of N. obturatorius accessorius, which occurs a little frequent in European.
The difference of form of the plexus between right and left is very slight so that the shifting of one complete segment in one side does not occur.

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An unsupervised learning technique and an associative memory have been used for encoding weights by a special type of Petri network named Petri neural net for modelling the influence of alloying elements on the final property of the high strength low alloy steel. The combined effects of alloying elements for different strengthening mechanisms is predicted when weights and threshold values are chosen on the basis of metallurgical understanding. The technique is found to be effective to create an associative memory of input-output relations in unknown data sets so that the same can be subsequently be used as a predictive tool.

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Primarily from the point of view of improvement of yield strength due to additions of niobium, titanium and boron in HSLA steels, the experimental steels are divided into five classes. The data are then supplied for learning a Self Organising Map (Kohonen network). It is found that the network with six neurons possesses better capacity of prediction with unknown data. Another effort of clustering the steels according to its major strength contributing mechanisms is also made. But the capacity of the network to cluster unknown data is found to be rather poor and has failed to follow from the metallurgical principles. To avoid this limitation, Learning Vector Quantisation method is adopted to impart a certain amount of supervision in the learning process and it is found that the training pattern of the network attains a good convergence thereby leading to a good predictive ability.

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