One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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N-n-ヘキシル-マレイミド (I), N-シクロヘキシル-マレイミド (II), N-ベンジル-マレイミド (III) の単独重合, 共重合をアゾビスイソブチロニトリル (IV) を開始剤としてテトラヒドロフラン中, 60℃で行った. 単独重合の初速度 (R_p) はR_p=k [I]

2.5

[IV]

0.80

, R_p=>k [II]

2.8

[IV]

0.80

, R_p=>k [III]

2.7

[IV]

0.54

となった. kは速度定数である. 全重合の活性化エネルギー (

E

), 頻度係数 (A) は

E

=

22

.

8

kcal/mol (I),

22

.2kcal/mol (II), 24.1kcal/mol (III), A=

9

.

5

×10¹¹ (I), 6.

4

×10¹¹ (II), 6.6×10¹² (III) となった. またN-置換マレイミドとメタクリル酸メチル (V) との共重合におけるモノマー反応性比r₁, r₂およびQ,

e

値を次のように決定した. I (M₁) -V (M₂) 系でr₁=

0

.17, r₂=2.02, Q₁=

0

.56,

e₁

=1.43, II (M₁) -V (M₂) 系でr₁=

0

.13, r₂=2.29, Q₁=

0

.50,

e₁

=1.50, III (M₁) -V (M₂) 系でr₁=

0

.14, r₂=1.54, Q₁=

0

.79,

e₁

=1.63となった.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the optical properties of zirconia and glass–ceramic (

.max) were affected by low-temperature degradation (aging).

Methods: Experiment samples were fabricated with seven zirconia brands (n=10): Zenostar, Zirlux, Katana, Bruxzir, DD-BioZX², DD-cubeX², NexxZr; and

.max were used as a control. This resulted in a total of samples in the experiment. The L*, a* and * were measured for each sample, and then the optical properties including translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) were calculated. The samples were aged (20, 40, 60, , 100h), and the optical properties were calculated after each interval.

Results: Most zirconia brands had lower L*, higher a*, higher

* with increased aging, which visually corresponds to darker, redder, and more yellow. Aging also increased CR, lowered TP, and lowered OP. .max was also affected by aging but still had the highest TP (23.±2.), L* (81.±3.), and lowest CR (.41±.05) compared to any zirconia. The Zenostar had the closest TP (24.1±.), and L* (90.2±.) values to .max before aging. However, after 100h of aging, the DD-cubeX² was least effected and had the highest TP (.2±.6) and lowest CR (.43±.01) compared with other zirconia samples and highest OP (11.3±.2) of all ceramic samples.

Conclusions: The optical properties of zirconia and

.max materials were affected by aging with the effects increasing with time. The magnitude of change was affected by seven brands of dental zirconia.

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The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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Stereoselective synthesis of , - and , Z-β-ionylideneacetaldehydes was accomplished from the β-ionone tricarbonyl iron complex, and the latter was converted to Z-retinoic acid.

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In this study, we attempted to isolate Escherichia coli from healthy adults in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and characterized its antimicrobial resistance profile, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genotype, phylogenetic grouping and virulence gene profile. A total of 103

. coli isolates were obtained, and most of them were antimicrobial resistant such to streptomycin (.6%), tetracycline (67.%), ampicillin (65.%), sulfamethoxsazole/trimethoprim (48.%), nalidixic acid (43.%), chloramphenicol (34.%), cefotaxime (15.%), ciprofloxacin (15.%), kanamycin (12.6%), ceftazidime (10.%), fosfomycin (.%) and gentamicin (2.%). However, all these

E

. coli strains were susceptible to imipenem. Surprisingly, of 103 strains, 74 (71.%) and 43 (41.%) strains showed resistance to more than 3 and classes of antimicrobials, respectively. Furthermore, 10

E

. coli strains were ESBL-producers and positive for bla_CTX-M genes ( for blaCTX-M-

9

and 3 for bla_CTX-M-1), while five were additionally positive for bla_TEM genes. S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that

7

and 3 strains of

E

. coli carry bla_CTX-M genes on their large plasmid and chromosome, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis exhibited that majority of the

E

. coli strains was grouped into A (44.

7

%), followed by

B

1 (23.3%),

B

2 (18.

4

%) and D (13.6%). Virulence genes associated with diarrheagenic

E

. coli, such as astA, EAF, eaeA, elt and eagg were also detected in ESBL-producing

E

. coli as well as antimicrobial resistant strains. These data suggest that commensal

E

. coli of healthy human could be a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance determinants and some of them might be harmful to human.

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Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, 6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (a and ) were synthesized. Compounds a and were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated a and (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene-d₆ (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), a (trans) and (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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Stress wave theory is applied to open-ended pipe piles to clarify the effects of soil plug on the behaviour of piles during driving and static loading. Measured field data and various numerical models are reviewed ; methods are presented to calculate wave propagation in both the pile and the soil plug ; modelling is presented which takes into account the interaction between the soil plug and the pile ; also presented is simplified method to estimate the loadsettlement relation of the pipe pile in static loading. By correlating observed and calculated values in two analytical cases, the authors demonstrate that incorporation of the soil plug (modelled as a series of masses and springs) is required to correctly predict pile behaviour during driving and static loading.

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Mycobacteriocin produced by human type tubercle bacilli could be demonstrated easily on eggmedium containing .05% tween by means of stab culture or streak plate methods, and elevenmycobacteriocin-types have been recognized on the basis of the inhibition pattern by using indicator strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria.
At present, types 1 (.%), 2 (13%), (38.%), (2%) and 11 (14.%) showed a stablemycobacteriocin pattern, but types 3 (.%) and (6.%) were apt to show type replacement totypes 2 and , respectively, and strains belonging to types , 6 and were few, less than 1.%to the total. In order to perform a reproducible mycobacteriocin typing, our previous typingscheme was revised to be consisted of five groups (A-). Among 438 strains, mycobacteriocingroup C containing types and was 46.1% of strains tested, group containing types 2, 3 and6 was .6%, group containing type 11 was 15.1%, group A containing types 1 and was.%, group D containing types and 10 was .1%, and untypable strains were no more than 6.6% among all tested strains.
Human type tubercle bacilli classified as type , which consisted of more than 45% of strainstested, could be divided into three sub-types from sensitivity to M. gordonae 1324 and M. terrae 1450.
Mycobacteriocin producing strains belonging to type D: showed an extremly wide antibacterialactivity to strains of more than 90% of rapidly growing mycobacteria (42 strains), to about 40% of slow growing mycobacteria (29 strains), and even to 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

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New-type inducers of differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60, i.

e

., - (, 6, , -tetrahydro-, , , -tetramethyl-2-naphthalenylcarbamoyl) benzoic acid (Am ) and () -- [3- (3, -di-tert-butylphenyl) -3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoic acid (Ch 55), suppress c-myc expression as all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) does. The decreased level of c-myc expression was detected within -14 h after the start of treatment, and preceded morphological differentiation and functional differentiation measured in terms of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. Treatment of HL-60 cells with .1 μm Am , Ch 55 or RA for 96 h caused more than 90% suppression of c-myc expression and around 10-fold increase in the percentage of NBT-positive cells.

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Mono-(

)-, -()-, and -(13Z)-lycopenes are found in food containing processed tomato products, while tetra-Z-(, , ′Z, ′Z)-lycopene (prolycopene) is found in tangerine-strain tomatoes. We prepared pure mono-Z-lycopenes from all--lycopene via chemical reaction (heating in CH₂Cl₂ at ℃ for 1 h) followed by purification using preparative silica gel HPLC, while prolycopene was isolated from tangerine tomatoes by partitioning with n-hexane and 90% MeOH followed by silica gel column chromatography. A simple method of distinguishing the mono-Z-lycopenes using the ¹³C NMR chemical shifts of their Z-methyl carbons is proposed. Additionally, the ¹O₂ quenching and 3T3-L1 cell differentiation activities of the compounds were then compared with all--lycopene for the first time. All the evaluated Z-isomers showed ¹O₂ quenching activities that were equal to or slightly lower than that of all--lycopene, with the IC₅₀ values for the ¹O₂ quenching activities of (all-)-, ()-, ()-, (13Z)-, and (, , ′Z, ′Z)-lycopene being .±.36, .±1.44, .3±1.08, 6.±1.67, and .±.34 µM, respectively. The mouse 3T3-L1 cell differentiation activities followed the order: (all-) > () > () ≈ () ≈ (13Z) ≈ (, , ′Z, ′Z).

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厚生省の高齢者の聴力に関する研究班は65歳以上の高齢者の聴力を調査した. 測定周波数の平均聴力レベルはA群 (65～69歳) で35.dB, 群 (70～74歳) で42.1dB, C群 (75～79歳) で46. 1dB, D群 (～84歳) で52. 1dB, 群 (85歳以上) で55.6dBであった. すべてのグループにおいて聴力の男女差はみられず, オージオグラムの型は大部分の例で高音漸傾型を示した. 平均語音弁別能はA群で75.%, 群で70%, C群で63.%, D群で59.%, 群で52.1%, また, SISI検査で70%以上を示した率はA群で45.2%, 群で49.3%, C群で47.%, D群で51.6%, 群で59.%であった.

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Nアルキル3,:,10-ペリレンテトラカルボン酸モノアンヒドリド=モノイミド[a～]と芳香族アミン(アニリン,p-トルイジン,p-アニシジン,3,-キシリジン,-アミノナゾベンゼン,およびo-フェニレンジアミン)を縮合して非対称型3,:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)誘導体-N-アルキル-N'-アリール-3,:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(〔a～〕,〔6a～〕,〔a～〕,〔a～〕,〔a～〕,および〔10a～〕)を合成した. これらの各誘導体はすべて赤色系の色相を示し, 顔料試験の結果N-ブチル-N'-アリール-3,:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(たとえば〔〕や〔6〕)がとくにすぐれた耐光性を示した.

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/rに対するTweenの放射線防護作用は, その大部分が分子中のpolyoxyethylene基に由来するものであって, 表面活性作用にはほとんど関係していないと結論できる。防護作用の機作は既知の防護剤のうちではグリセリンに類似しているが, B_s-1を防護しないことから, Tweenの防護作用は/r株に特異的であって, DNAの修復機構に関係している可能性が示唆される。MEAとは相加的に働くことなく, むしろ阻害作用を示す。これらの結果から, Tweenの放射線防護作用は, 既知の防護剤とは異なった機作によるものと結論される。

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group D₂ (

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%), D₁ (

9

.

5

%),

A₀

(

7

.

4

%),

B2₂

(

5

.3%) and

B2₃

(

4

.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.

5

and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.

0

% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.mol%Ni-6.mol%Mo-.mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.mol%Ni-2.mol%Mo-30.mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.mol%Ni-30.6mol%Mo-10.3mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
P₁:L (1812K, 34.mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-.mol%)+MoB=+
P₂:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.mol%Mo-17.3mol%)+Mo=+
P₃:L (1812K, 53.mol%Ni-33.mol%Mo-12.mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.mol%Ni-31.6mol%W-17.mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.mol%Ni-.mol%W-.mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.mol%Ni-.mol%W-29.mol%)=++
P₁:L (2115K, 23.mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%)+WB=+
P₂:L (1657K, 48.mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

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The aim of this study was to establish radioimmunoassay (RIA) for fecal estrone sulfate () and to elucidate changes in fecal during pregnancy in the sow. Fecal was extracted on a commercially available solid phase column, and the fraction obtained was subjected to RIA. The sensitivity of the RIA was . pg/tube. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were .-.% and 10.-14.2%, respectively. Mean recovery for added to fecal samples was as high as .%. A significant positive correlation (r=.904, n=147 p<.0001) existed between fecal and plasma concentrations. Mean concentration in feces and plasma fluctuated exhibiting two peaks. The first peak of concentration was evident on days 28-32 in feces and on days 26-30 in plasma. The concentration in both feces and plasma remained at baseline levels during mid-pregnancy, but began to rise gradually around days 72-82 and 70-, in feces and plasma respectively, and reached a peak concentration on days 110-114. Following parturition, the concentration of in plasma declined rapidly, but there was a two-day delay before a decline in fecal . Apart from this two-day delay, changes in fecal were similar to those in plasma . The study indicates that the measurement of in feces could be a useful tool for early pregnancy diagnosis and for monitoring fetal development in sows and gilts.

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