This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (9) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%),

D₁

(9.5%),

A₀

(

7

.

4

%),

B2₂

(5.3%) and

B2₃

(

4

.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.5 and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.

0

% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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The Nihonkai-chubu Earthquake, with a magnitude of ., occurred on May 26, 1983 in northwest Japan and produced liquefaction sites in the coastal plain of Akita and Aomori Prefectures. About one month later, the maximum aftershock, with a magnitude of .1, again induced liquefaction at several sites in Aomori Prefecture. The authors surveyed the affected area and discovered almost ten reliquefaction sites. Initial liquefaction at these sites had not occurred solely because of the main shock of the Nihonkai-chubu Earthquake. Initial liquefaction at some sites was attributable to the Niigata Earthquake in 1964, the Tokachi-oki Earthquake in 1968, and other earlier earthquakes. Although it had earlier been thought that the occurrence of reliquefaction would be improbable, the authors' investigation shows that reliquefaction occurs frequently, even when the acceleration caused by a later earthquake was less than that caused by a former earthquake. It can therefore be said that a site liquefied by an earthquake can be reliquefied by a subsequent earthquake.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M1-2 mixing ratio δ, and the -2 mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818. keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=1.52−

0.22

+

0.26

, and μ_k≤6.1×10−

4

respectively. The

E

2 branching ratio

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→

0_g

+):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→2₁⁺):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→0₁⁺) is determined to be

0

.0158:1.

0

:5.86.

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1. ケブカクロバエを28.〜34.5℃, 20.3〜26.℃, 13.〜19.℃, .〜13.℃, 2.〜.℃の5種の恒温下で飼育し, 卵期, 幼虫期, 蛹期, 成虫期の発育状態について観察した.2. 28.〜34.℃域では卵の孵化率は低下し, たとえ孵化しても, これらの幼虫は成虫にまで生育せず斃死した.3. 3.〜13.℃域では幼虫は成虫にまで生育するが羽化した成虫は産卵しなかつた.. 本種が卵, 幼虫, 蛹, 成虫の全生涯を全うし得る温度域は13.〜26.℃であつた.5. 以上の結果に基き本種の自然界における越冬および越夏の態度について考察した.

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In view of the significant role of the water film effect in flow failure for a liquefied sandy deposit, the mechanism of water film generation is numerically studied based on a 1-dimensional model test. The process of water film growth and decay can be simulated to a certain extent by a simple consolidation analysis, which indicates that only a small difference in permeability in layered sand is enough for a water film to develop. A 1 G shaking table test for a two-dimensional slope model with an arc of silt within a saturated sand is then addressed to discuss the dilatancy effect exerted in sheared sand during flow failure. It is possible that, once the water film is formed, the transmission of shear stress through it is interrupted, leaving the sand below free from the dilatancy ; this eventually allows the water film to stay without being absorbed during flow failure. The result of another shaking table test for a trapezoidal slope with horizontal silt seams indicate that water films beneath the seams enable the soil mass above them to laterally flow along water films very gently inclined even after shaking. If a silt seam breaks due to excessive pressure in the water film, it triggers re-liquefaction in the upper sand and leads to further instability.

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The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.5mol%Ni-6.mol%Mo-.5mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.5mol%Ni-2.5mol%Mo-30.5mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.mol%Ni-30.6mol%Mo-10.3mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
P₁:L (1812K, 34.9mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-.mol%)+MoB=+
P₂:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.mol%Mo-17.3mol%)+Mo=+
P₃:L (1812K, 53.5mol%Ni-33.mol%Mo-12.mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.mol%Ni-31.6mol%W-17.mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.mol%Ni-.mol%W-.mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.mol%Ni-.mol%W-29.mol%)=++
P₁:L (2115K, 23.mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%)+WB=+
P₂:L (1657K, 48.9mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the Tb¹⁵² activity. The L-subshell electron lines of the 586. keV +→2₁⁺ transition are separated by the ion-free beta-ray spectrometer. The M1-2 mixing ratio, δ², and the dimensionless ratio X of -2 mixing of the 586. keV transition are obtained to be δ²≤.16 and .034≤X≤.038, respectively. The 2 branching ratio (2; +→+): (2; +→2₁⁺): (2; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be .023 : 1. : 5.6.

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急性胆嚢炎の急性期手術の是非については,依然議論のあるところである.過去年の当院外科での胆石胆嚢炎手術症例284例を,手術時期によって群にわけ,平均手術時間(A),術中出血量(),手術死亡率(C),術後合併症発生率(),遺残結石発生率(),手術から退院までの日数(F),全入院日数(G)などを比較検討した.急性期(発作中あるいは発症後3日以内)に手術を施行された症例は36例で, A124分, 302ml, C2.%, 11%, 3%, F19日, G日であった.中間期(発症後日～21日)に手術された症例は例で, A132分, 259ml, C3.2%, 9%, 2%, F15日, G26日であった.それに対し間歇期(発作後日以後)に手術された症例は140例で, A123分, 222ml, C1.%, %, 2%, F15日, G34日であった.無症状胆石の手術症例は14例あるが,間歇期手術よりさらに良好な成績であった.
以上の結果より,急性期手術はその安全性の点で間歇期手術に何ら劣るものでなく,入院期間を著しく短縮出来る利点があり,積極的に試みられるべき治療法と考えられた.

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At low levels, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli should be selectively isolated by suppressing competing microflora in meat samples. In conventional methods, MacConkey II Agar with C-T Sorbitol (cefixime-tellurite, CT-SMAC) which utilizes the ability of

E

. coli O157 to ferment sorbitol, and media containing -specific chromogenic substrates, are used for detecting

E

. coli O157.
In this study, we compared two types of CHROMagar^TM O157 for the isolation of enterohemorrhagic

E

. coli O157 (improved CHROMagar^TM O157 and conventional CHROMagar^TM O157) with CT-SMAC by using the Miles-Misra method and evaluating the recovers from ground beef and human fecal samples. The results obtained are described below:
1. In the inoculation test with three media by the Miles-Misra method, improved CHROMagar^TM O157 inhibited the growth of all organisms except

E

. coli O157 better than the two other media and allowed easy differentiation from

E

. hermannii, which could not be distinguished on CT-SMAC.
2. In the

E

. coli O157 detection test for ground beef artificially inoculated with

E

. coliO157 at 1 cfu/g, the detection rate of improved CHROMagar ^TM O157 was 95%, CTSMAC 75% and conventional CHROMagar^TM O157 40%, respectively.
. In the

E

. coli O157 detection test for

E

. coli O157 positive human fecal samples, the detection rate of improved CHROMagar^TM O157 was 54.5%, CT-SMAC 50% and conventional CHROMagar^TM O157 .%, respectively.

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This paper discribes a sample method for determining polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil, This method consists of the following procedures. Soil samples are passed thruogh a screen of 28 mesh for removing fine stands and rubbish. PAH in the soil samples are extracted with 150 ml of benzene for hours by with Soxhlet's appratus. The extracted benzene solution is then evaporated to dryness at low temperture (ca. 40°C) by a rotary evaporator. The residue is dissolved in a small volume of benzene. PAH in the benzene solution are separated into each component with one-dimensional dual band thinlayer chromatography [Thin-layer plate; Kieselguhr G (2×20, cm)-(26% Acetylated cellulose + Cellulose -) (95: 5, w/w, 16×20, cm), Developer; Ethanol-Ether-Water (: : 1, v/v) for the 1st development, Methanol-Ether-Water (: : 1, v/v) for the 2nd development]. Each PAH spot separated on the thinlayer is scraped off into a small centrifugal-tube. After adding ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) into a tube, ultra sonic extraction is carried out for 10 minutes in order to completely dissolve PAH into DMSO. This DMSO solution is centrifuged for 5 minutes. PAH in the supernatant is identified by comparison of its fluorescence and excitation spectra with those of standard PAH solution and determined spectrofluorometrically by narrow base line method. The accuracy of this method was high and stable. For example, recovery and its coefficient of variation was 97.2% and 1.01% for pyrene, 96.% and 1.58% for benz (a) anthracene, 95.% and 2.06% for benzo (a) pyrene, and .3% and 1.58% for benzo (ghi) perylene.
Authors applied this method to the analysis of PAH in soil, and 11 PAH were identified. They were pyrene, fluoranthene, chrysene, anthanthrene, benzo () fluoranthene, benz (a) anthracene, benzo (a) pyrene, perylene, benzo () pyrene and benzo (ghi) perylene. The identified PAH except benzo () fluoranthene were also determined quantitatively. Benzo (a) pyrene contents in soils in urban areas were much higher than those in soils in rural areas. The contents were 53-4930 ppb in urban area and .07-11 ppb in rural area. Benzo (a) pyrene contents in urban soils were higer in winter as compared with those in summer. PAH contents in soils which were sampled in Yotsuyakamimachi, Kawasaki-shi a heavy air pollution area in winter of 1973 were ranged from 3.33 to 65. ppm for pyrene, from 3.09 to 70. ppm for fluoranthene, from 1.02 to 24. ppm for chrysene, from .44 to 10. ppm for benz (a) anthracene, from . to .1 ppm for benzo (a) pyrene, from , 29 to . ppm for benzo (k) fluoranthene, from .20 to .95 ppm for perylene, from .30 to 10. ppm for benzo () pyrene, from .12 to 2.78ppm for anthanthrene, and from . to 14.9 ppm for benzo (ghi) perylene. These findings suggest strongly the fact that soils in urban area are polluted by PAH including carcinogenic benzo (a) pyrene.

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Three new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, epigomisin O(1), gomisin () and angeloylgomisin Q(26), were isolated from the fruits of Schizandra chinensis BAILL.(Schizandraceae), which are used as an antitussive and a tonic under the names of "Hoku-gomisi" in Japan and "Wu-wei-zi" in China. 1) The structure of epigomisin O(1) was elucidated by correlation with known lignans, gomisins O(2) and N(). 2) Oxidation of with KMnO_ in a mixture of 2% NaOH and pyridine gave compounds 3 and 5. Further oxidation of 3 with KMnO_ gave 5. Reduction of 5 with NaBH_ afforded deangeloylgomisin (6). The structure of gomisin () was elucidated by the same reaction to correlate with a known lignan, gomisin (). 3) The cleavage of the methylenedioxy group on the aromatic ring with Pb(OAc)_ in dry benzene into diphenol was studied(19-→19-). The structure of angeloylgomisin Q(26) was elucidated by the use of the above reaction to correlate with 6.

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Es geht Zuerst in dieser Abhandlung um eine strukturelle Analyse von sog. Hebammenperikope (Ex. 1; 15-), die gemeint ist, in dem zweite Buch Mose eine Kleine Einheit zu bilden, und danach motivgeschichtliche Untersuchung.
Erstens analysieren wir grammatisch den gegebenen Text: wie folgt, 1) Verse von 16 bis 19 entstehen aus drei “wayyo'mer + wörtliche Rede”, durch die in dieser Perikope dramatische Höhepunkt ausgedrückt wird. 2) Bei der Korrelation von Verben, deren Subjekt Hebammen ist, und Verben, deren Subjekt König ist, hat sich herausgestellt, daß die Handlungen der Hebammen vielseitig sind, während die des Königs auf einigermaßen einseitigen Bereich weisen. 3) v. 21a ist im Hinblick auf die Satzbildung v. 17a ähnlich, obwohl jener für v. 21, der die Mehrung des Volkes beschreibt, nur einleitende Vers ist. ) Der Unterschied von mwt (töten) in v. 16 und šlk (werfen) in v. ist entscheidend; denn šlk betont hay^e' orah (in den Fluß).
Zweitens müssen wir Erzählungselemente dieser Perikope beschreiben: wie folgt, a) Namen der Hebammen (v. 15), ) Verlangen des Königs (v. 15a, 16), c) Gottesfrucht als Begründung (v. 17a), ) Ausweichen der Hebammen (17bc), ) Befragung des Königs (v. 18), f) Ausrede der Hebammen (v. 19), g) Wohlsein der Hebammen (v. 20a), h) Volksverstärkung (v. 20, 21), i) Ankündigung (v. ).
Nun drücken {, , , f, g, i} die Funktionen der Charaktere dieser Erzählung aus. Und zwar bezeichnet die Gegenüberstellung von oder diejenige von ein Funktionpaar, und g zeigt Endfunktion. {/, /f, g} bilden Einheit; folglich ist {i} die andersartige Funktion, die die anfängliche Situation der folgenden Geburtserzählung Moses (Ex. 2; 1-10) bestimmt. Und wir nehmen diese sechs Funktionen als unveränderliche Zahlen an.
Volksverstärkung (h) deutet die Folge (↓) an, die das Ausweichen der Hebammen gewann, und gibt zugleich dem König Anlaß (↑) zur Ankündigung. Daher legen wir h für das Verbindungsmoment aus, das {/, /f, g} mit {i} verbindet. Dazu ist c beweglichste Element, das Erzähler gegen ein andre Element leicht auswechseln kann. Element a (Namen der Heldinnen), das nicht immer für die Entwicklung der Hebammenerzählung wesentlich ist, zeigt veränderliche Zahl.
Die Erzählung {/, /f, g} thematisiert die Weisheit von Hebammen. Wenn Elemente c and a dieser Erzählung eine spezielle Nuance geben, dann thematisiert die Hebammenerzählung die Gottesfrucht von Heldinnen.
Aus dem, was wir oben gesagt haben, läßt die Struktur dieser Erzählung sich schematisieren: wie folgt, a+c {/, /f, g} ↓ h ↑ {i}.
Drittens Können wir in der Verkündigung der Gottesfrucht ein ganz außergewöhnliches Anliegen des Elohisten () erblicken. Daher gehört Element c (Begründung), dessen Leitwort yr' (fruchten) ist, zu der Quellenschicht . Nebenbei gesagt, begegnet Wortpaar rbh-'sm nicht allein beim Verbindungsmoment h, sondern auch bei der Abrahamsüberlieferung usw. Es ist uns jedoch unmöglich, es auf bestimmte Quellenschicht festzusetzen.

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Agaricus blazei is an important fungus for producing bioactive compounds. There are some reports of polysaccharides and steroid derivatives from the fruiting bodies of A. blazei. However, the chemical examination of the secondary metabolites of the cultured mycelia of this species has not been reported. Eight compounds, an unprecedented skeleton have been isolated from the cultured mycelia of A. blazei. The structures of the novel compounds each named blazeispirols A (1), (2), C (3), (), (5) X(6), Y () and Z () were confirmed by extensive 1 and 2 NMR spectral data and X-ray analysis. Blazeispirols A (1), (2), C (3), () and (5) were des-A-ergostane type compounds having spiroacetal structure as a side chain. Blazeispirols X (6) and Y () were determined to be (20S, S, 23R, 24S)-1 (10→6) abeo-14β, :, 25-diepoxyergosta-5,,9,11-tetraene-3α,23-diol and (20S, S, 23R, 24S)-14β,:,25-diepoxy-9,23-dihydroxyergosta-,,11-triene-3,6-dione by comparison of extensive 1 and 2 NMR spectral data with that of blazeispirol A. The biosynthesis of blazeispirol A was investigated by feeding ^<13>C-labeled acetates and methionine to the growing cultures of A. blazei. The labeling patterns of 1 derived from singly and doubly ^<13>C-labeled acetates were consistent with that of ergosterol reported previously except for the A-ring and then ^<14>C-labeled ergosterol was incorporated into blazeispirol A. Taking the structures of blazeispirols Z and into consideration, it can be assumed that blazeispirol A is biosynthesized from ergosterol by the cleavage of C-, C-5 and C-1, C-10 bonds on retro aldol condensation and Michael reaction via such as intermediate A as shown in Fig. . A large number of ergostane-type steroids have been isolated from many fungi. However, blazeispirol A is the first example of a naturally occurring des-A-ergostane-type steroid including a spiroacetal structure moiety as a side chain.

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Ferroelastic β′-Gd₂()₃ and β′-Eu₂()₃ crystals were synthesized through the crystallization of 21.25Gd₂O₃–63.75MoO₃– glass and –47.5MoO₃– glass, respectivelty, and their magnetism and photoluminescence properties were examined. It was demonstrated from the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and specific heat down to T = 1. K that the magnetic state of Gd³⁺ ions in the crystallized samples, i.., in the β′-Gd₂()₃ crystals and the residual glasses, is paramagnetic and any magnetic interaction is not formed among Gd³⁺ ions down to T = 1. K, i.., the effective magnetic moment of µ_eff = . µ_B and Weiss constant of θ = –.3 K. Photoluminescence (PL) of Eu³⁺ ions was clearly observed in the crystallized samples, although the melt-quenched glass did not show any photoluminescence. The present study proposes that the concentration quenching among Eu³⁺ ions in β′-Eu₂()₃ crystals is small and β′-RE₂()₃ crystals would be good hosts for PL emissions of RE³⁺.

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The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of various serotypes and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing features of Salmonella strains and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of 256 Salmonella strains other than Salmonella serotype Typhi, which were isolated at 12 university hospitals in Korea. We identified 46 serotypes of Salmonella spp. Serogroup was the most common (39.5%), followed by (32.%), C (.%), (2.%), A (2.3%), and G (.%). The three most common Salmonella serotypes were Enteritidis (36.3%), Typhimurium (16.%), and Infantis (.%). Six strains that belonged to serotype Paratyphi A and nine that belonged to serotype Paratyphi were also detected. The 256 Salmonella strains had a 38.% rate of resistance to ampicillin, 23.% to chloramphenicol, .2% to cefotaxime, .6% to ceftriaxone, and 6.3% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The antimicrobial resistance rates of Salmonella serogroups and were higher than those of the other serogroups. Seven isolates carried bla_CTX-M: four CTX-M-15, two CTX-M-14, and one CTX-M-3.

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A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.

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In the 1993 Kushiro-oki Earthquake of Richter magnitude ., simultaneous recording of earthquake motions was successfully made at the ground surface and at a depth of 77 meters in a dense saturated sand deposit. The peak horizontal acceleration was .47 g on the ground surface and .21 g at a depth of 77 meters. The acceleration record at the ground surface showed a distinctive ground response, which consisted of a cyclic motion having a period of about 1.5 seconds overlain by a spike at each peak of the motion. In order to study the mechanism of this peculiar ground response, effective stress analysis was conducted on the dense saturated sand deposit. The model used for this study was a strain space multiple mechanism model, which takes into account the effect of principal stress axis rotation. The recorded earthquake motion at a depth of 77 meters was used as the input earthquake motion for the analysis. Sampling after in-situ freezing was done in order to evaluate the properties of the sand. The results of the analysis indicated that the observed ground response was due to the effect of dilatancy of sand, which plays a significant role in the response of the dense saturated sand deposits during strong earthquake motions.

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