A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.

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This paper outlines a mathematical description of the stress dilatancy behaviour of granular materials which accounts for stress level and void ratio dependencies. The consideration of these aspects has important implications in the modelling of granular material behaviour. In fact, granular material mechanical response is largely dominated by the evolution of dilatancy, fabric and void ratio histories. The starting point in this study is the well established Rowe's theory which is revisited and ultimately modified by introducing a factor linked to governing state parameters in order to describe the complete behaviour of granular materials during deformation. Numerical simulations of triaxial tests on granular materials at different void ratios and stress levels are herein presented to illustrate the model.

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Static characteristics of two different structured InAlGaAs/InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes (SLAPDs) cooled by liquid nitrogen were evaluated at a wavelength of 1.5 μm. The dark current of the SLAPD having a thick superlattice layer of .504 μm was 5×10^-13 A. This was successively reduced by four orders of magnitude compared to that of the thin layer SLAPD of .231 μm at a breakdown voltage of around 20 V. The thickened layer was effective in suppressing tunneling dark current. An output current of 1.×10^-12 A at a bias voltage of 15 V was measured for an optical input with a wavelength of 1.5 μm and a signal power of 1×10^-12 W. This showed a sharp distinction from the dark current.

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Thirty-six patients (19 males, 17 females: atypical schizophrenia; , typical schizophrenia; , depression; 11, neurosis and other psychiatric disorders; ) were operated on according to orbitoventromedial undercutting by Hirose. In all cases, the Rorschach test was carried out and daily behaviors were studied. Thirty-one scales of the test were subjected to multivariate analysis whereas the behaviors were evaluated according to the following criteria, i.., A: recovered or symptom free, : markedly improved, C: moderately improved, : slightly improved and : not improved. The following results were obtained.
1) The evaluation of behaviors is as follows. A: 12 cases, : , C: , : , : none.
2) It was found that scores of F+106% and R+106% scales were significantly higher after the operation than before; that correlation coefficients between the scores before and after the operation were considerably high.
) Factor analysis followed by varimax rotation was carried out. Six factors were extracted, i.., (F1) sensitivity to emotional stimuli, (F2) ego-strength, (F) obsessional rigidity, (F4) reaction time, (F5) anxiety and tension and (F) empathy. It was revealed that F2 was high in atypical schizophrenia, depression and neurosis, and that F2 and F were significantly different in terms of the factor scores among the four groups A, , C and ; F2 was highest in A, and lowest in regardless of whether it was before or after the operation. F showed high scores in both A and C, and low in .
4) Multiple discriminant analysis was applied to the data of the Rorschach test before the operation, by classifying 36 subjects into the four groups A, , C and . As a result, high rates of correct diagnosis were obtained, i.., 100% for A, 78% for , 56% for C and 100% for . When the groups C and were combined into one group (C+) the highest percentage (100%) was seen in A, followed by (89%) and C+ group (87%). When the groups A and were combined into one group (A+), the percentages of correct diagnosis were % for A+, and 93% for C+.
In conclusion, it can be said that scales of the Rorschach test have been proved to be valid for predicting mental and physical states after the orbito-ventromedial undercutting.

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Background: The association between the T-peak to T-end interval (Tp-

) and ventricular arrhythmia (VA) events in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Tp- was associated with VA events in CS patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRT-Ds).

Methods and Results: We retrospectively studied 50 patients (16 men; mean [±SD] age 56.

±10.5 years) with CS and ICD/CRT-. The maximum Tp- in the precordial leads recorded by a 12-lead electrocardiogram after ICD/CRT- implantation was evaluated. The clinical endpoint was defined as appropriate ICD therapy. During a median follow-up period of 85. months, patients underwent appropriate therapy and 10 patients died. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the probability of the clinical endpoint was 28.% at 2 years and 35.% at 4 years. The optimal cut-off value of the Tp- for the prediction of the clinical endpoint was ms, with a sensitivity of 72.% and a specificity of 87.% (area under the curve=.). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Tp- ≥ ms (hazard ratio [HR] 5.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99–13.1; P<.001) and a histological diagnosis of CS (HR .; 95% CI 1.28–11.5; P=.016) were significantly associated with the clinical endpoint.

Conclusions: Tp-

≥ ms was a significant predictor of VA events in patients with CS and ICD/CRT-.

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We compared three groups of pregnant women: placebo with normotensive women, group A which included preeclamptics, and group which comprised preeclamptics who were supplemented their diets with vitamins C and . MDA increased from . ± 2. (placebo) to .48 ± 1.2 (A) and .02 ± 1. nmol/gHb (). NO concentrations were enhanced from 19. ± 4.2 (P) to 23. ± .4 (A) and 24.1 ± 5.4 μmol/L (). GSH contents were decreased from 10.42 ± 2. (P) to .02 ± 2.92 (A) and .39 ± 1.02 μmol/g Hb (), whereas GSSG concentrations increased from .98 ± .28 (P) to 1.24 ± .29 (A) and 1.08 ± .12 μmol/g Hb (). SOD activity decreased 23% in A and 14% in ; GRx decreased 27% in A and 5.5% in ; GPx decreased 12% in A and .% in . Catalase activity, however, increased 27% in A and 29% in as compared to control. Thus, we conclude that the use of vitamins C and should be considered for the control of certain important biochemical indices during the development of preeclampsia; however, further studies are needed to develop methods for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk.

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The profile of the distribution of apo into lipoproteins (apo profile) had been acquired by author's method that immune complex of apo was stained after agarose gel-immunofixation electrophoresis using anti-apo serum. And it had been revealed that apo distributed in pre-β, β lipoprotein and apo -containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL-with apo ) which migrated to near the α₂-globulin region between pre-β lipoprotein and α lipoprotein, and apo in HDL-with apo determined by this method had been named “α₂-apo ”.
In this paper, lipids, apolipoproteins and apo profile were determined in 10 normal full-term female infants and 10 healthy female adults, in order to characterize the distribution of apo in umbilical cord serum. The whole serum apolipoprotein levels in mg/dl±S. . for all neonates were; apo A-I=.4±11.; apo =14.±4.2; apo =.±1.2. These values represented 62.5% and 15.% of adult serum values for apo A-I and apo , respectively, with normal adult values for apo . The umbilical values of total cholesterol and cholesterol in HDL (HDL-C) represented 31.% and .2% of adult values, and HDL-C represented 60% of total cholesterol in cord serum. The umbilical activity of LCAT represented 26.% of adult activity, however the cholesterol esterification ratio (esterified cholesterol×100/total cholesterol, %) did not differ between cord serum and adult serum.
Apo profile in umbilical cord serum was characterized by the distribution of the majority of apo to HDL-with apo , so α₂-apo concentration and α₂-apo ratio (α₂-apo ×100/total apo , %) were significantly high levels of .±1.2mg/dl and 90.±4.5% in cord serum, in contrast to the levels of 2.±.4mg/dl and 50.1±.% in adult serum. And in cord serum, α₂-apo was significantly correlated with total cholesterol (r=.720, p<.01) and with HDL-C (r=.688, p<.01), and α₂-apo ratio reversely correlated with apo (r=-.660, p<.05). So these data suggested the important relationship between α₂-apo and cholesterol metabolism in neonates whose apo -containing lipoproteins that must transport cholesterol to tissues decreased, in consideration of Innerarity's report suggested that neonates might depend (at least in part) upon HDL-with apo to deliver to tissues via LDL-receptor.
Then, umbilical apo profile was similar to apo profiles acquired from patients with acute hepatitis or severe hyperthyroidism. But the reduction of HDL-C and reverse correlation between α₂-apo and HDL-C in acute hepatitis were not recognized in cord serum, and umbilical levels of thyroxine and free thyroxine were in normal adult levels. In conclusion, umbilical cord serum was characteristic of the superiority of HDL to apo -containing lipoproteins in its content, especially apo distributed for the most part in HDL, being reflected in reduction of apo -containing lipoproteins.

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Nアルキル,4:,10-ペリレンテトラカルボン酸モノアンヒドリド=モノイミド[4a～]と芳香族アミン(アニリン,p-トルイジン,p-アニシジン,,5-キシリジン,4-アミノナゾベンゼン,およびo-フェニレンジアミン)を縮合して非対称型,4:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)誘導体-N-アルキル-N'-アリール-,4:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(〔5a～〕,〔a～〕,〔a～〕,〔a～〕,〔a～〕,および〔10a～〕)を合成した. これらの各誘導体はすべて赤色系の色相を示し, 顔料試験の結果N-ブチル-N'-アリール-,4:,10-ペリレンビス(ジカルボキシミド)(たとえば〔5〕や〔〕)がとくにすぐれた耐光性を示した.

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Does the demonstration of recollection with the slave boy in the Meno really constitute the proof of recollection thesis? Socrates seems there to be asking leading questions I take it that Plato intended to make it uncertain whether the boy is really recollecting his second denial of knowledge 'ou manthano' (85A4-5) can mean 'I am not learning', suggesting that he is not recollecting We can never know the truth about his learning, because the demonstration is a Gorgian type of epideixis (1-2), which produces only persuasion However, it is one thing to know whether the boy is recollecting, and quite another to know whether learning is recollection The demonstration is meant to make Meno recollect the latter truth (-82A) Throughout the demonstration Socrates addresses questions to Meno, thereby making him consider whether the boy is really recollecting (82-, 12-, A-4, C10-1) Socrates' remark after the demonstration is that Meno knows that the boy will regain knowledge (85C-1), which means that Meno has been successfully made to recollect that recollection thesis is correct According to Cebes' explanation in the Phaedo (73A-2), recollection is helped by the use of proper questions and diagrams, and according to the Republic (5105-511A1, 529-530A), mathematicians should not seek truth in diagrams or models made by such masters as Daedalus, but make use of them simply as images The boy's learning is a beautiful image of true learning created by Socrates, an offspring of Daedalus We should not seek truth concerning learning in this image, but make use of it to find truth about true learning Socrates' proper questions with the help of this image made Meno recollect that learning is recollection However, inquirers are rather misled by perceptual images when the object of inquiry has no lustre in its earthly image(Phaedrus 250), as is the case with virtues, knowledge, education and learning In order to establish that learning is recollection, it is then necessary to have recourse to another kind of proof, in which one relies on rational thinking Plato embarks on this task in the Phaedo Recollection itself can be taken to be an image or metaphor (eikon) of learning, presented by Socrates, just as the torpedo is an image of Socrates, presented by Meno (80A-C) But they are different in that while the latter is intended to stop inquiry, recollection is a metaphor that stimulates inquiry and helps to develop new ideas expressible in literal paraphrases ('the illustrative thesis' in Pender, Images of Persons Unseen, Sankt Augustin 2000) In the Phaedo Plato continues his quest for the truth about learning, with the help of recollection as the image of learning, and thereby develops such new ideas as the existence of Forms and the immortality of the soul His further inquiry about knowledge, the object of learning, in the Theaetetus is taken to be its further continuation

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the optical properties of zirconia and glass–ceramic (

.max) were affected by low-temperature degradation (aging).

Methods: Experiment samples were fabricated with seven zirconia brands (n=10): Zenostar, Zirlux, Katana, Bruxzir, DD-BioZX², DD-cubeX², NexxZr; and

.max were used as a control. This resulted in a total of 80 samples in the experiment. The L*, a* and * were measured for each sample, and then the optical properties including translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) were calculated. The samples were aged (20, 40, 60, 80, 100h), and the optical properties were calculated after each interval.

Results: Most zirconia brands had lower L*, higher a*, higher

* with increased aging, which visually corresponds to darker, redder, and more yellow. Aging also increased CR, lowered TP, and lowered OP. .max was also affected by aging but still had the highest TP (23.±2.), L* (.±.4), and lowest CR (.41±.05) compared to any zirconia. The Zenostar had the closest TP (24.1±.4), and L* (90.2±.5) values to .max before aging. However, after 100h of aging, the DD-cubeX² was least effected and had the highest TP (.2±.) and lowest CR (.43±.01) compared with other zirconia samples and highest OP (11.±.2) of all ceramic samples.

Conclusions: The optical properties of zirconia and

.max materials were affected by aging with the effects increasing with time. The magnitude of change was affected by seven brands of dental zirconia.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), blaCTX-M-

3

(16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (

3

) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%),

D₁

(

9

.5%),

A₀

(

7

.4%),

B2₂

(5.

3

%) and

B2₃

(4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(

6

’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.

3

, 10.5 and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.

0

% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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A new limit equilibrium analysis for assessing the stability of a reinforced embankment on soft clay against rotational undrained failure is presented. The analysis considers strain compatibility along the slip surface to deduce the tension mobilized in extensible reinforcement at collapse condition, and models strain softening of soils along the slip surface. The load extension responses of the reinforcement can be dependent on confinement by soils. Non-uniform increase in undrained cohesion during construction can be accounted for. The analysis yields a 'Safety Factor Curve' instead of a unique value for safety factor. A parametric study for illustrating the relevance of the proposed analysis is reported.

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From the fronds of Polystichum tripteron (KUNZE) P_R. a new norcarotenoid glycoside was isolated and shown to be (R, , R)--hydroxy-megastigma-4, -dien--one--O-β--glucoside. The fronds of Dennstaedtia wilfordii (MOORE) CHRIST. contain the same glucoside.

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厚生省の高齢者の聴力に関する研究班は65歳以上の高齢者の聴力を調査した. 測定周波数の平均聴力レベルはA群 (65～69歳) で35.dB, 群 (70～74歳) で42.1dB, C群 (75～79歳) で46. 1dB, 群 (80～歳) で52. 1dB, 群 (85歳以上) で55.dBであった. すべてのグループにおいて聴力の男女差はみられず, オージオグラムの型は大部分の例で高音漸傾型を示した. 平均語音弁別能はA群で75.4%, 群で70%, C群で63.%, 群で59.%, 群で52.1%, また, SISI検査で70%以上を示した率はA群で45.2%, 群で49.%, C群で47.%, 群で51.%, 群で59.%であった.

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A method for analyzing the uncertainties involving the use of empirical relationships in design is developed. It is applied to evaluate the reliability of the relationship s_u(mobilized)=(measured), whereby the pertinent uncertainties are analyzed using extensive laboratory and field observed data. On the average, the relationship s_u(mobilized)= (measured) is unbiased and the error implicit in the relationship is about 15%. When cone values are used to infer s'_p, additional uncertainties on the mobilized undrained strength will incur resulting mainly from the calibration uncertainty between σ'_p and the cone values. Alternatively, vane tests may be performed to infer the mobilized strength using Bjerrum correction factor. Results show that uncertainty level associated with using the vane tests is smaller than that using the cone values, provided that similar scatter is observed between measured vane and cone values at a given site. However, prediction of the mobilized strength is even more accurate if direct measurements can be made on the preconsolidation pressure. The proposed probabilistic method also assesses the benefit of additional tests besides comparing the accuracy of using various soil parameters for predicting mobilized undrained strength. Such information is essential for planning cost-effective site characterization program.

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カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン (CMA) 染色を行った．染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から 種類に区分できた．すなわち，CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する，: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する，C: 両端に有する，: 一方の端部に有する，: CMA(+) がない，F: 動原体近傍に有する，Dst: 付随染色体を有する 型，である．各種はこれらのうち 2～ 種類の染色体を有し，独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した．C. medica では 2 + + ，C. limon では 1 + 1C + + ，C. aurantifolia では 2 + + ，C. aurantium では 1A + 1 + 1C + + ，C. sinensis では 2+ 2C + + ，C. maxima では A + C + 4 + ，C. paradisi では 2A + C + + ，C. ichangensis では 2 + 2C + 12 + 2，C. latipes では 2A + 5C + + ，C. micrantha では 1 + 11 + 4 + 2Dst，C. macroptera では 2 + 1C + 11 + + 1F，C. hystrix では + 1C + + + 2F + 1Dst であった．

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