Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA2 programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.

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 The stability of

‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (‒THC‒OAc) and ‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (‒THC‒OAc) in -liquid during storage was investigated. ‒THC‒OAc liquids in cartridges were stored at 80℃ or 30℃ for 28 days. The relative concentrations of cannabinoids in the liquids were measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. ‒THC‒OAc decreased during storage at either temperature. ‒THC, a minor impurity, also decreased. ‒THC‒OAc liquid in a cartridge was stored at 80℃ for 57 days. The concentration of ‒THC‒OAc and ‒THC, a minor impurity, did not change during that time. Cannabinol acetate increased in all liquids, and unknown products were also detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The ‒THC‒OAc and ‒THC‒OAc liquids were subjected to GC/MS to detect representative diluents, glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 400, but none of these were detected.

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(³H) Tobramycin was used as a probe to determine the relationship between the structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics and their ability to remove this drug from its higher affinity binding site on the ribosome. The dissacharide moieties (neamine, tobramine, gentamine) appeared to have a common binding site, whereas the kanosamine, garosamine and ribose moieties determined the specificity of this binding. Amikacin and butikacin behaved in an anomalous manner in spite of their close structural relationship to tobramycin.

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 We examined the stability of

-tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (-THC-OAc) and -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (-THC-OAc) in -liquid products. Eight samples were heated at 30℃ for 28 days and one of them was heated at 70℃ for 2, 4, , 10, and 15 days. Residual ratios of -THC-OAc and -THC-OAc were evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ion detection and their degradation products were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Some samples were tested for solubility in hexane and were submitted to GC/MS analysis to detect propylene glycol and glycerol. After a 28-day incubation at 30℃, -THC-OAc was slightly decomposed (residual ratio: 84.–94.2%) but -THC-OAc was almost stable (residual ratio: .2–108.%). Heating at 70℃ decomposed not only -THC-OAc but also -THC-OAc. The decomposition proceeded rapidly in the initial 2 days then slowly until 15 days later. The degradation products, four putative one-oxygen-atom adducts and cannabinol, were detected but deacetylated products (-tetrahydrocannabinol and -tetrahydrocannabinol) were not detected. All the samples tested were completely dissolved in hexane differently from propylene glycol and glycerol. Propylene glycol and glycerol were not detected from the samples completely dissolved in hexane. This study indicated that deacetylation of -THC-OAc and -THC-OAc did not proceed when the sample did not contain propylene glycol and glycerol.

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The activities of tobramycin derivatives acetylated and ethylated on the 6'-N, 2'-N and 3-N positions were examined. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin sensitive strains indicated that 2'-N-ethylated and 6'-N-ethylated derivatives have a fairly good activity, and confirmed that the 3-N position is the most important one for antibiotic activity since 3-N derivatives were less active. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin resistant strains, and their inactivation by tobramycin modifying enzymes were examined. These results showed that 2'-N or 6'-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(2') or AAC(6'), respectively, and 2'-N-ethyltobramycin and 6'-N-ethyltobramycin were active against strains containing these modifying enzymes. On the other hand, 3-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(3) but 3-N-ethyl tobramycin does not inhibit strains containing this enzyme.

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To define the roles of α-catenin in cell-cell adhesion, the -cadherin, α-catenin, β-catenin, and/or plakoglobin genes were inactivated in teratocarcinoma cells. An -cadherin-α-catenin fusion protein (Eα) restored full cell-adhesion function and organized the actin-based cytoskeleton and ZO-, an actin filament binding protein, in cells lacking all endogenous cadherin-catenin complex components. There were two types of cadherin-based cell-adhesion junctions in parental cells, those with ZO- and those without ZO-, and only junctions with ZO- were associated with thick actin bundles. Additionally, ZO- localized to most Eα-based cell-adhesion junctions. These data demonstrated that Eα supported cadherin-based cell adhesion and recruited actin bundles and ZO- to cell-cell contact sites in the absence of cytoplasmic α-catenin. Moreover, the -terminal half of α-catenin was involved in the formation of cell-adhesion junctions with ZO-.

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Damage to reinforced concretc buildings in Niigata City due to Niigata earthquake (June 16, 1964) are analysed with special reference to foundation engineering.

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Six new cembranoids sarcophytol P (3), R (4), S (), K (), (11), and T (13) were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. Sarcophytol P (3) was shown to be the 20-hydroxy derivative of the major component sarcophytol A (), and afforded the cyclization product 6 in CHCl_3 at room temperature, in a same way as in . Sarcophytols R (4) and S () were correlated to , by conversion of its 7R,R and 7S,S epoxide derivatives. Sarcophytol K() was a 13, 14-dihydroxycembranoid having a ,3Z-diene moiety. The absolute configuration of and its Z,3- and Z,3Z-isomers sarcophytol B (2) and J (10) were determined by circular dichroism study of their bis-p-dimethylaminobenzoate derivatives. Sarcophytols (11) and T (13) were - and ,3Z-isomers of . Compound 11 showed characteristic broadening of the ^H-NMR chemical shifts, due to the restricted conformational interconversion. Using the three cembranoids sarcophytols (11, ,3), N (15, Z,3Z) and T (13,,3Z), spontaneous autoxidation-cyclization, in CHCl_3,was examined, in order to compare the stereochemical course of the reaction with that of (Z,3), which affords trans-fused bicyclo[.3.]tetradecene systems. The ,3Z-isomer 13 gave the same cyclization product 18, as in the reaction of , even though it is isomeric at -,3. The Z,3Z isomer 15 gave 19, in consequence of the reversed geometry at -3 of 15. The ,3-isomer (11) gave the bicyclic product , having an antipodal fusion as compared with 19. This was confirmed by PCC oxidation of 19 and , giving enantiomeric ketones 23 and 24 respectively. The (14)-epoxide 26 was shown to be the immediate precursor of , and acounted for the inversion of the geometry at - of the cyclization product. Compound 26 is isomeric with the epoxide 17 derived from . The epoxide 17 is the postulated precursor in the conversion of 13 to 18. It is noteworthy that the mode of antipodal fusion of the cyclopentane rings, in 18 and , was controlled by the chirality of the epoxy rings. The -14 hydroxyl group participates in the transannular cyclization, but was found not to be the requisite functional group for the reaction. Similar treatment of cembrene (30), the parent hydrocarbon of , also reacted in CHCl_3 giving the bicyclic product 32.

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Reactions of nor-diterpenoid dilactones isolated from Podocarpus plants have been investigated. The 7: ,: 11-dienolide type [] dilactones, the least available but biologically the most active members, are mainly derived from naturally abundant dilactone components of α-pyrone type [A] and 7: -epoxy-: 11-enolide type [B] for total-synthetic and biological purposes. From nagilactone (), for example, a combined sequence of hydrogenolysis of 7: -epoxide group and dehydration gives nagilactone (7), 3β-hydroxynagilactone () and 2: 3-dehydronagilactone (19), which have been found from natural sources. From nagilactone A (), photo-hydration and concomitant double bond migration of its acetate results in a lactol (), which is reduced to β-hydroxynagilactone (), another natural type [] dilactone. Derivation of the type [A] or [B] from others is not successful. Some attempts for conversion of the ring A functional groups have also been studied.

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Electric charges, surface concentrations, and the dynamic behaviours of Cs, Re, and O on self-supported disk surface of Cs and Re-doped silver powder during the operation of O₂-Jet under UHV were examined using XPS. Pile-up and creep-in of doped elements, in analogy with O, were observed with heating and cooling of the sample, respectively. A drastic shift of Re 4 /2 spectrum of 46.7 (Re₇₊) to 40. V () took place when the sample was heated at 110 to 210°, while Cs 3 /2 only lay in the range of 724.∼725.2 V. Conspicuous transient responses to O₂-Jet were exhibited by the sample heated at 210°; with increasing exposure time, the binding energy of Re 4 /2 rapidly shifted from 40. () to 45.3 eV (Re⁶⁺), Cs 3 /2 did so from 725.2 to 724.6 V, and O s gradually became a twin peak of 530. and 528. V, of which composition of five core spectra obtained by deconvolution was varied vigorously. The O s core spectrum of 528. eV assigned to oxydic oxygen and CS₂O was found only during the operation of O₂-Jet at 210°.

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