新築集合住宅における揮発性有機化合物の挙動と発生源の推定

抄録

In order to study the behavior or the emission of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in a newly built house, HAPs were measured at various places in residential air. In this investigation we used three different kinds of sampling method: that is, USEPA method TO-11 and TO-17 as an active sampling method for HAPs in residential air, DSD-carbonyl as a diffusive sampling method for carbonyl compounds in a closed space and FLEC (field and laboratory emission cell) as a chamber method for the determination of emission rates from building materials. As a result, the following was clarified. (1) In the newly built house before moving, the concentrations of toluene, formaldehyde, acetone and CFC-11 were higher than other compounds. (2) 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane were carried into the house by residents. (3) The emission rates of formaldehyde, acetone and CFC-11 were rapid and a wall cabinet in the kitchen emitted those compounds. (4) The concentration of formaldehyde, acetone and CFC-11 in indoor air was directly proportional to the room temperature. (5) It was recognized that the material of a wall cabinet in the kitchen emitted styrene and benzaldehyde and emission rates of those compounds were 470 and 200 μMg/(m^2 h), respectively. (6) Styrene and formaldehyde are remarkable compounds because their concentrations were very high (max 72 and 390 μg/m^3, respectively) and they are known to increase the risk of asthma and cancer.