In this study we made clear the spatial composition of villages in the Tonami Plain by comparison among a dispersed village, a row shaped village and a street village. We realized that for all villages the direction in which water flowed was a primary regulating factor relating to things from housing to the homesteads and village composition. There were also farm lands directly connected to the homesteads in all villages. We defined the unit as "living field". The relationship between a watercourse and a living field was the same in all types of villages. The watercourses flowed along the boundaries of the living field. It meant the three villages were based on the same model.
