When we review the modern settlements in Hokkaido began in Meiji Era, Tondenhei-muras are considered to be composing the first among the layers of developments. Here we would like to reveal the planning theory of them and evaluate how it worked up to now. By the method of overlay mapping analysis with field survey and reference of documents, we succeed to describe the general spatial model of Tondenhei-mura. Different from the established theory that explains the settlements emphasizing the reasons of national defense, it is made clear that most of settlements were carefully planned rather by rational reasons for cultivating farm fields, managing colonized communities, protecting from the severe climate conditions on topography. The model can be described of the composition of territorial orders of land use, oriented by the axis with the careful setting of central zone, creating spiritual symbol as a Shinto shrine, preparing common property for various purposes and common reservation land.
