This paper clarifies the architectural characteristics of the small structures with the Hottate-Munamochibashira structure found in Togakushi. As a result of our survey, we found that these nineteen Hottate-Munamochibashira-style structures were built by intermediate technicians who were not professional carpenters. The intermediate technicians used unprocessed materials such as forked branches or logs, which were easy to obtain and transport, while employing the Hottate-Munamochibashira structure that was easy to construct. In addition, the intermediate technicians did not learn the technology to build these Hottate-Munamochibashira-style structures by receiving special education or training, but by developing their own ingenuity and creativity naturally.
