This paper aims to clarify the birth and growth process of commercial clusters in Kobe city under occupation and grasp the tendency of continuance and disappearance, and the consider influence on urban structure in modern era. It had not been recognized enough until now that the actual revival situation of black-markets, markets, shopping street in Minatogawa-Shinkaichi area and Sannnomiya area.
In this study, it was clarified that the formation dynamics of commercial clusters in Kobe, from viewpoint of organization, location, function. The initiative of street-stall keepers, repatriate organizations in Minatogawa, and resident alien organization in Sannomiya area were seen in the formation of these commercial spaces. The area damaged by WWII was led to the business district by birth black-markets and new commercial spaces, for example the around railroad underpass and station area. And there were many cases that two different objects collided between the continuation hope of the leased land contract by the person of business and reconstruction projects of local government. At first, it was intended that the barrack restaurant's main function was support of needy person. But with the improvement of economic conditions, the function shifted to one factor of the local revitalization.
In Sannomiya and Minatogawa area, the large land where people lived in before was taken over by GHQ to build their troop housing. These suddenly orders disturbed the life rebuilding of local inhabitants, and the control to how to use of the public space was investigate many times over. The people were evicted from place of residence. But they found nearby open space and moved to there by themselves. As a result, GHQ and local inhabitants lived in space next to each other. Under the situation, there was the example which GHQ ordered removal the houses of inhabitants, because of which regard as problem hygiene, public morals, a beautiful sight.
So the local government started war damage reconstruction projects which include negotiations for the land use made slow progress, because there were so many actors of variety in the transformation of central area, Kobe. The land readjustment project of Kobe city that began for war-damage revival continued until 1993. The redevelopment business of the Sannomiya area continued for a long time. The Sannomiya district city area remodeling project of the station west began in 1966 for the environmental improvement of the densely built wooden house areas. The Sannomiya east district redevelopment project was carried out since 1975, but in particular the project was stagnant in Asahi-dori 4 district where "Sannomiya international market" since Oct 1946 and declined. The main reason that the situation of densely built wooden house areas continued from 1946 to redevelopment projects for a long time was influence of the large-scale and complex commerce clusters that were prior to the local government's reconstruction plan.
