鳥取都市計画火災復興土地区画整理事業における公園計画と空間特性に関する研究

抄録

 In 1952, Tottori City experienced a great fire, said to have been the largest in the postwar period, which destroyed approximately 70% of the city area. In recovering from this fire, Tottori City aimed to become a “fireproof city” and implemented the “Tottori City Fire Revival Land Readjustment Project' over approximately 180ha (540, 000 tsubo) centered on the area that was razed. Under this project, parks and areas of land for public use were also created. The project was the first to be implemented following the enactment of the Fireproof Building Promotion Law and is positioned as an important case example in that it became the basis for subsequent policies. Because park creation and improvement were pursued during fire reconstruction—a period of emergency—Tottori City has distinctive park planning, with numerous irregularly shaped parks located throughout the city. This causes significant limitations to the installation and utilization of playground equipment. The aim of this study, therefore, is to clarify the history of park planning in Tottori City, begun with the implementation of the “Tottori City Fire Revival Land Readjustment Project” after the Tottori Great Fire in 1952, as well as the characteristics of park spaces in the city.
 Initially, “Tottori City Fire Revival Land Readjustment Project” planning policies were formulated using as a reference the relocation of cemeteries as part of war damage reconstruction and, in the early stages, planning techniques introduced in war damage reconstruction were positioned as case examples for urban planning for general regional cities in the event of an emergency, fire-reconstruction situation. Furthermore, although the Tottori City case is famous as the first example of the introduction of fireproof building zones, it is also positioned as an important case in the sense of enlarging upon the cemetery-relocation planning method. Under the circumstances taking place following the Great Tottori Fire, the parks created by effectively utilizing limited sites, such as through the relocation of cemeteries, varied tremendously in shape, size, and other site characteristics. In terms of space characteristics, too, park functions were deliberately separated into playground spaces and plaza spaces, etc., and it can be said that the irregularity of park sites was taken into consideration when planning the locations of playground equipment and facilities, and securing areas for plazas. A topic for the future is to verify the uniqueness of park planning methods of Tottori City, comparing to park planning of disaster reconstruction planning in regional cities.