日本のシェアハウスの独自基準と空間的要素に着目した既存ストックの活用可能性

－各国におけるシェアハウスの居住水準に関する研究　その1－

抄録

 In recent years, the number of shared houses in Japan has been increasing, but in 2013 some offering poor living environment appeared and action by the legal system have been made. Along with it, it appeared private organizations which create standards for housing standard of shared houses, and in October 2017 the government also set standards relative to housing standard of shared houses in the new safety net system.

 The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual state of shared houses operated in Japan focusing on the spatial elements relative to housing standards. And through the comparison between the local standards of government and private organizations for housing standard, verifying the possibility of spreading shared houses utilizing existing stocks.

 In the statistical survey to grasp the actual state of the shared houses, we collected and investigated 103 cases. Also, to extract spatial elements and compile each, the area estimation method using CAD software was used.

 The results are as follows.

 1) The satisfaction rate of the private room area standard is lower than the total floor area standard in both the local standard set by the government and that of private organizations. Furthermore, 39.8% are cases that satisfy the standards of private organizations but do not meet the government standards. In other words, the government standard is low and it does not correspond to the actual situation of the shared house.

 2) From the aggregate result of the minimum private room area, regional differences are seen in the satisfaction rate of the government standard. The satisfaction rate of Tokyo is 13.4% lower than that of the other regions.

 3) As a countermeasure to standards, member companies of private associations have tended to take actions not depending on costly renovations, such as reducing the number of rooms to rent and the capacity. In addition, there is a private association which check if the applicant company meet the local standard, so that it can guarantee the housing standards of the shared houses its members provide.

 4) To disseminate shared houses by utilizing the safety net system provided by the government, there are issues on the hardware side and the management side.

 Therefore, as a requirement for the spread of the existing stock utilizing the new safety net system, the classification of those who need support, setting standards about area and equipment in accordance with the of building types target lessee considered to be necessary. Furthermore, it is thought necessary to provide support for operators and share information with local governments and the like, secure buildings that can be utilized as shared houses, and prepare a management system according to the physical condition of the lessee.