交通行動からみたプノンペンの空間構造とショップハウス街区の居住特性

抄録

 City blocks composed of Shophouses in the central district of Phnom Penh, which is referred to as the “Shophouse blocks”, is facing a risk of losing the built environment due to rapid urbanization recent years. It is important to grasp spatial urban structure to properly identify characteristics of shophouse blocks and its functions to sustain characteristics of individual space and development of the entire city whereas the most of previous studies on the Shophouses focused on the spatial structure and usage of the Shophouse itself without identifying its role in the entire city.

 

 This study aims to clarify the functions of “Shophouse blocks” in Phnom Penh by analyzing inhabitants’ transportation activity obtained from person trip survey and activity diary survey. The former is used to grasp the entire spatial urban structure and the latter focuses on the detailed inhabitants’ living activities in Shophouse blocks. The results are summarized below:

 

 1) Influential areas of job core (major employment area) and consumption core (major area for private activities) are formulated separately in the central district and suburbs. Influential sphere of job cores are formulated along ring road by consolidating different types of job cores such as office and factory which results in the mosaic structure without centrality;

 2) Function of Shophouse blocks is characterized by its vertical and horizontal position, [A] outer edge of blocks/ ground floor, [B] inside block/ ground floor and [C] upper floors. Living sphere of residents in the quadrant [A] is quite small compared to the ones in [B] and [C]. The quadrant [A] provides work-place near or in the residence whereas [B] and [C] provides labor force to neighboring area; and

 3) Shophouse blocks integrate multiple urban functions – living space, workforce, consumption – transitively in each quadrant which composes high density dwelling in the urban center.

 

 Refining spatial usage of the blocks and intensive land utilization will enhance living characteristics observed in quadrant [B] and [C] and will bring more transport demand which run out of the road capacity around Shophouse bocks.

 

 It will be one of the measures to sustain characteristics of Shophouse blocks in parallel with the development of the entire city by balancing function distribution in each quadrant in line with the times. It is also important to induce development pressure to more appropriate places with larger block surrounded by wider road.