Japan is promoting an efficient healthcare system amid rising medical demand and a declining working-age population, emphasizing the role of primary care physicians (“Kakaritsukei”). However, unclear certification criteria pose challenges. This study analyzes medical receipt data to examine the location and functional characteristics of certified facilities. Results show significant differences in primary care capacity based on certification. While some facilities provide local healthcare, specialized clinics attract patients from wider areas. Additionally, in medically underserved regions, uncertified facilities may function as de facto primary care providers. These findings highlight the need for better certification standards.
