幕末の備中松山藩における御家中屋敷定法

抄録

On the basis of the manuscript of the housing code made out in the Matuyama clan, this paper deals with the Samurai houses, of which inhabitants must be retainers under the feudal lord. Compared with previous research on this subject, this paper particularly lights on the ordinary housing in the feudal period, being against the housing of the upper classes which usually designate to the feudal lord and/or the Shogun. The manuscript, which is presumed to have been completed about 1857, contains five Samurai houses inside the castle town of Matuyama and three Samurai houses placed in the suburbs. On the five houses, the restrictions of housing composition are regulated in detail under the status of the feudal society with a simple drawing and a document : for instance, the finish of a floor, a wall and a ceiling, the size of the houses, and the name of rooms. As the result of examining these elements of the restrictions, this paper clarifies, on composition, the characteristic hierarchy of the rooms inside the houses as follows. Although the aggregating system and the number of the rooms are different in the five houses, two rooms, "Zashiki" and "Ima", are identified in all five houses. Moreover, the size and the finish are the same in each two rooms. However, the most expensive materials are employed for its finish in the "Zashiki", while the moderate materials are in the "Ima". Therefore, the "Zashiki" is inferred to have functioned as a standard composition of the so-called "Omote-muki" which is utilized for service to the guests, in contrast with the "Ima" as a standard composition of the so-called "Uchi-muki" for a family. The composition and the arrangement of the other rooms are presumed to have been completed in the relation to the two rooms.