中国農村における税費・教育制度の改革と基礎教育への影響

江蘇省北部J郷M小学校の事例分析を通して

抄録

In 2001, with the impact of tax reforms, the education system was reformed to address the lack of funding for basic education. The three major aspects of the reforms were: 1. Transformation of the administration of the schools' staff and their salaries from local administration to city municipals; 2. Amalgamation of schools and down sizing of staff; 3. Unification and implementation of a standard tuition fee.
This study analyses several issues regarding the reforms in education system. A case study was conducted for M Elementary School in northern Jiangsu Province. As a result of the reforms of the payment system, great improvement has been noticed in delayed payments to the staff. Moreover, the closure and amalgamation of schools made it possible to have an efficient arrangement for improvement of the education system.
However, the study indicates the existence of the issue of delayed payments in the poorer areas and the problems for local children to go to long distance schools. In addition, the transfer of financial management to the county caused a few problems including the weakening of the schools' power to manage finance, and the lack of training and teaching guidance for teachers.
The study reveals the following important issues that must be considered in the future. There is a need to improve the lack of funding for basic education, including benefits and funding of temporary teachers, to improve the quality of basic education and achieve the upgrading of rural education levels.