抄録
Against the backdrop of increasing global water scarcity, the treatment and resource utilization of agricultural wastewater have become key components in promoting sustainable agricultural development. Agricultural wastewater encompasses farmland drainage, effluents from livestock and poultry farming, and agricultural processing wastewater, all of which are characterized by complex compositions and variable properties that impose high demands on treatment technologies. Currently, widely applied methods include biological treatments, physicochemical treatments, and various integrated approaches, which recover key nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus for reuse, thereby alleviating some of the ecological pressures associated with fertilizer use. Additionally, reclaimed water irrigation not only helps boost crop yields but also improves soil structure and the environment, demonstrating significant environmental benefits. However, the application of reclaimed water also poses risks, including heavy metal residues, the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, and potential long-term impacts on soil and crop health. In recent years, the extensive application of modern information technologies—such as sensor systems, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence—in wastewater treatment and irrigation management has greatly enhanced processing efficiency and the level of reclaimed water utilization. This paper systematically reviews the current status, technological progress, and typical application cases of agricultural wastewater treatment and resource utilization. It analyzes the application potential of related technologies in sustainable agriculture and explores future research directions and development challenges.
