抄録
Natural gas hydrate, characterized by its high energy density, abundant reserves, and widespread distribution, is regarded as a strategic unconventional natural gas resource with significant development potential. Driven by the accelerating transformation of the global energy structure and the “dual carbon” goals, both fundamental research and engineering development of natural gas hydrate have made continuous progress. This paper systematically reviews the physicochemical properties, geological occurrence conditions, and spatial distribution of major hydrate-bearing regions, with a particular focus on recent advances in key technologies such as geophysical exploration, geochemical analysis, and borehole investigations. In terms of extraction technologies, the theoretical mechanisms, experimental results, and engineering practices of mainstream methods—depressurization, thermal stimulation, and chemical injection—are comprehensively analyzed, along with a summary of critical experiences and technical bottlenecks from representative pilot production projects. The study also examines the latest research on environmental risk identification, monitoring, and control technologies related to geomechanical stability, greenhouse gas leakage, and ecological impacts during hydrate exploitation. Finally, in light of current scientific and technological trends, the paper highlights key scientific challenges and technical obstacles that need to be addressed in intelligent exploration and production, digital twin modeling, green and low-carbon development pathways, and the establishment of commercial evaluation systems. The findings aim to provide theoretical guidance and technical references for the efficient, safe, and sustainable development of natural gas hydrate resources.
