抄録
Deepwater and ultra-deepwater oil and gas resources have become a vital component of the global energy strategy. As onshore and shallow-water reserves are gradually depleting, exploration and development activities are extending into deeper, more remote, and geologically complex marine areas. To address the technical challenges posed by extreme geological conditions such as high pressure, low temperature, and complex structures, deepwater oil and gas technologies have achieved continuous breakthroughs. In recent years, advancements in high-resolution seismic imaging, intelligent drilling and logging, deepwater production system optimization, and the integrated application of subsea production systems have significantly enhanced exploration and development capabilities. Moreover, the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and digital twins has further improved operational precision and efficiency. Despite these advancements, deepwater development still faces formidable challenges, including the risks of oil and gas leakage, equipment corrosion, construction safety, and environmental protection. Additionally, the global “dual carbon” goals have set higher demands on deepwater oil and gas development, promoting a shift toward intelligent, green, and sustainable practices. Against this backdrop, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the geological characteristics of deepwater oil and gas resources, the current status of key technologies, and the main engineering challenges. It also explores frontier research directions such as intelligent oilfield construction, carbon capture, utilization, and storage, and the integrated development of deepwater oil and gas with renewable energy. This paper aims to summarize the research progress and technical bottlenecks in deepwater oil and gas development, anticipate future trends, and offer theoretical and technical references for achieving efficient, safe, and low-carbon utilization of deepwater resources.
