抄録
Nitrogen fertilizer is not only a key input for improving rice yield and regulating grain quality but also a crucial factor influencing its stress resistance. Based on recent research progress, this study systematically elucidates the mechanisms and regulatory effects of nitrogen fertilizer on rice lodging resistance, pest and disease resistance, and drought tolerance. Evidence indicates that appropriate nitrogen application can significantly enhance rice lodging resistance and drought tolerance by strengthening stem mechanical properties, improving root system architecture, and increasing water-use efficiency; meanwhile, nitrogen levels exert dual effects on pest and disease resistance, where rational application enhances plant defense capacity, whereas excessive application may weaken resistance and increase the risk of pest and disease outbreaks. In the context of global climate change and increasingly frequent extreme weather events, optimizing nitrogen management is of great importance for improving rice stress resistance and stabilizing yield, while also reducing environmental burdens and promoting sustainable agriculture. This study aims to provide theoretical support for scientific decision-making in rice nitrogen fertilization and to indicate future directions for in-depth research on stress resistance regulation mechanisms and green fertilization strategies.
