抄録
Natural gas hydrate, as an important type of unconventional clean energy, has attracted widespread attention due to its enormous resource potential, high energy density, and low-carbon characteristics. In recent years, with continuous breakthroughs in exploration and pilot production technologies in deep-sea and permafrost regions, a number of significant phased achievements have been made internationally in natural gas hydrate exploitation. This paper systematically reviews the accumulation mechanisms, occurrence characteristics, and distribution patterns of natural gas hydrates, with a particular focus on evaluating mainstream exploitation technologies, including depressurization, thermal stimulation, chemical inhibition, and gas replacement, in terms of their fundamental principles, engineering practices, and applicable conditions. Furthermore, it explores the application prospects of big data and artificial intelligence in intelligent exploitation, while providing an in-depth analysis of key scientific and engineering challenges such as geological disturbance, environmental risks, and production stability. A comparative analysis of representative international pilot projects is conducted to summarize the adaptability and effectiveness of different technological approaches. On this basis, the paper looks ahead to future development directions, including green and low-carbon exploitation, synergistic technologies for carbon sequestration, and the pathways toward commercialization. The aim is to provide a systematic reference for the continuous innovation and interdisciplinary integration of natural gas hydrate exploitation technologies, as well as theoretical support and practical insights for related industrialization efforts.
