抄録
Driven by the “dual carbon” goals, large-scale renewable integration is accelerating the transition of power systems from synchronous generator–dominated structures to power-electronics-dominated paradigms. As a result, system inertia, damping, and short-circuit capacity are significantly reduced, and operational characteristics are increasingly marked by low inertia, high power-electronic penetration, and strong uncertainty, fundamentally reshaping frequency, voltage, and rotor-angle stability mechanisms. To address these challenges, active support control technologies, such as grid-forming (GFM) converters and virtual synchronous generators (VSG), are rapidly developing and being integrated with flexibility resources, including energy storage, demand response, and virtual power plants, becoming key enablers of stability and resilience in new-type power systems. In parallel, coordinated operation of multi-energy systems, source–grid–load–storage integration, and cross-timescale optimal dispatch is evolving to support secure and economical renewable integration. However, major challenges remain, including converter-dominated stability, dynamic interactions under hybrid GFM and grid-following (GFL) operation, complex multi-energy coupled modeling, and quantitative valuation and market mechanisms for flexibility resources. This paper reviews recent advances from the perspectives of stability mechanisms, active support control, and coordinated optimization, and proposes a unified analytical framework for future power systems.
