抄録
Against the backdrop of high renewable penetration, extensive deployment of power electronic equipment, and rising grid resilience requirements, the operating mechanisms of new power systems are undergoing profound structural changes. Power transformers are increasingly exposed to wideband electromagnetic disturbances, multi-timescale coupled effects, and frequent extreme operating conditions, making conventional steady-state and power–frequency–based design and operation paradigms inadequate. This paper reviews recent advances in key transformer technologies, including insulation materials and structural optimization, thermo–electro–magnetic multi-physics modeling, electromagnetic performance enhancement, and adaptive design under complex operating conditions. Particular attention is given to multi-source online monitoring, hybrid mechanisms, and data-driven fault diagnosis, lifetime assessment, and intelligent operation and maintenance. A comprehensive evaluation is conducted in terms of operational scenario realism, model applicability, engineering reliability of algorithms, and technology coordination, identifying major bottlenecks in wideband modeling accuracy, mechanistic interpretability, laboratory–field consistency, and unified evaluation frameworks. Finally, future directions are discussed, including self-healing transformers, digital twins, life-cycle management, integrated mechanism–data modeling, and green low-carbon design. This paper provides a systematic framework to support high-performance design and intelligent operation and maintenance of power transformers in new power systems.
