抄録
The crop rhizosphere microbiome is a key determinant of plant productivity, nutrient acquisition, stress adaptation, and soil ecosystem functioning, making it a central focus of sustainable agriculture research. Recent advances in metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics, multi-omics integration, and systems biology have substantially improved understanding of rhizosphere microbial assembly, community succession, and functional regulation, shifting the field from descriptive characterization toward mechanism-based interpretation and targeted microbiome manipulation. Current evidence demonstrates that rhizosphere microbiomes regulate nutrient cycling, plant immunity, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses through complex plant–microbe and microbe–microbe interactions, supporting the development of functional microbial inoculants, synthetic microbial communities, microbiome-assisted breeding, and ecological crop management. Despite these advances, major challenges remain in establishing causal relationships between microbial composition and ecosystem functions, improving the stability and environmental adaptability of microbiome-based interventions, integrating multi-omics datasets across biological scales, and translating laboratory discoveries into reproducible field applications. This review synthesizes recent progress in the assembly mechanisms, functional regulation, and agricultural applications of the crop rhizosphere microbiome, critically compares the strengths and limitations of current research paradigms and microbiome engineering strategies, and identifies key scientific challenges and future research priorities. By integrating microbial ecology, multi-omics technologies, and agricultural applications within a unified conceptual framework, this review provides a mechanistic perspective for advancing predictive microbiome management and the rational design of sustainable crop production systems.
